Rootstocks influence the responses of ripening grape berries to leafroll associated viruses

Grapevine leafroll-associated virus infections are accompanied by symptoms with varying severity. Data were collected from Cabernet franc grapevines grafted to different rootstocks with different GLRaV infection status. RNA sequencing data were mapped to a high-quality Cabernet franc genome reference, which was sequenced and assembled to carry out this study. The same samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to relate gene expression, hormone, and metabolite data. This study identified common responses to leafroll viruses that were reproduced in two consecutive years, in plants grafted to different rootstocks, and in more than one infection condition. In addition, these data support that rootstock can influence the response to GLRaVs observed in berries. The effects of infections in plants grafted to different rootstocks were distinguishable. The most severe effects of GLRaVs were observed in Kober 5BB GLRaV-1,2 (+). Among other variables, abscisic acid (ABA), related metabolites, and ABA-signaling gene expression differentiated between rootstocks overall, and the directional effects of GLRaVs on several hormone signaling gene families sometimes diverged between rootstocks. Likewise, the effects of GLRaVs on several transcription factor families and histone H1 were influenced by rootstock. This study identifies several molecular levers that participate in responses to GLRaVs, including those that are condition dependent.

葡萄卷叶伴随病毒（Grapevine leafroll-associated virus, GLRaV）侵染会引发不同严重程度的症状。本研究的数据采集自嫁接到不同砧木、且携带不同GLRaV侵染状态的品丽珠（Cabernet franc）葡萄植株。研究中已完成高质量品丽珠基因组参考序列的测序与组装，本研究将RNA测序数据比对至该参考基因组。研究团队采用液相色谱-质谱联用法对同批样本进行分析，以关联基因表达、激素及代谢物数据。本研究鉴定出针对卷叶病毒的共有响应模式，该模式在连续两年、嫁接到不同砧木以及多种侵染条件下的植株中均得到重现。此外，本数据集证实砧木可影响浆果中针对GLRaV的响应模式。嫁接到不同砧木的植株，其病毒侵染所产生的效应存在显著差异。在Kober 5BB砧木且携带GLRaV-1、2（阳性）的植株中，观察到GLRaV侵染带来的最严重效应。在各类变量中，脱落酸（abscisic acid, ABA）及其相关代谢物、ABA信号通路基因的表达水平总体上因砧木不同而存在差异；同时，GLRaV对多个激素信号通路基因家族的定向效应，也会因砧木种类不同而出现分化。同样，GLRaV对多个转录因子家族及组蛋白H1（histone H1）的效应也受到砧木的调控。本研究鉴定出多个参与GLRaV响应过程的分子调控靶点，其中包括依赖于特定条件的靶点。