Detection of Crime, Resource Deployment, and Predictors of Success: A Multi-Level Analysis of CCTV in Newark, New Jersey, 2007-2011

The Detection of Crime, Resource Deployment, and Predictors of Success: A Multi-Level Analysis of Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) in Newark, NJ collection represents the findings of a multi-level analysis of the Newark, New Jersey Police Department's video surveillance system. This collection contains multiple quantitative data files (Datasets 1-14) as well as spatial data files (Dataset 15 and Dataset 16). The overall project was separated into three components: Component 1 (Dataset 1, Individual CCTV Detections and Calls-For-Service Data and Dataset 2, Weekly CCTV Detections in Newark Data) evaluates CCTV's ability to increase the "certainty of punishment" in target areas;; Component 2 (Dataset 3, Overall Crime Incidents Data; Dataset 4, Auto Theft Incidents Data; Dataset 5, Property Crime Incidents Data; Dataset 6, Robbery Incidents Data; Dataset 7, Theft From Auto Incidents Data; Dataset 8, Violent Crime Incidents Data; Dataset 9, Attributes of CCTV Catchment Zones Data; Dataset 10, Attributes of CCTV Camera Viewsheds Data; and Dataset 15, Impact of Micro-Level Features Spatial Data) analyzes the context under which CCTV cameras best deter crime. Micro-level factors were grouped into five categories: environmental features, line-of-sight, camera design and enforcement activity (including both crime and arrests); and; Component 3 (Dataset 11, Calls-for-service Occurring Within CCTV Scheme Catchment Zones During the Experimental Period Data; Dataset 12, Calls-for-service Occurring Within CCTV Schemes During the Experimental Period Data; Dataset 13, Targeted Surveillances Conducted by the Experimental Operators Data; Dataset 14, Weekly Surveillance Activity Data; and Dataset 16, Randomized Controlled Trial Spatial Data) was a randomized, controlled trial measuring the effects of coupling proactive CCTV monitoring with directed patrol units.; Over 40 separate four-hour tours of duty, an additional camera operator was funded to monitor specific CCTV cameras in Newark. Two patrol units were dedicated solely to the operators and were tasked with exclusively responding to incidents of concern detected on the experimental cameras. Variables included throughout the datasets include police report and incident dates, crime type, disposition code, number of each type of incident that occurred in a viewshed precinct, number of CCTV detections that resulted in any police enforcement, and number of schools, retail stores, bars and public transit within the catchment zone.

《犯罪侦测、资源配置与成功预测因子：新泽西州纽瓦克市闭路电视（Closed-Circuit Television, CCTV）多水平分析（Multi-Level Analysis）数据集合集》收录了新泽西州纽瓦克市警察局视频监控系统的多水平分析研究成果。本合集包含14个定量数据文件（Datasets 1-14）以及2个空间数据文件（Dataset 15与Dataset 16）。本研究整体分为三个子模块：模块1（Dataset 1：单个CCTV侦测与勤务呼叫数据、Dataset 2：纽瓦克市每周CCTV侦测数据）旨在评估闭路电视在目标区域提升「处罚确定性」的效能；模块2（Dataset 3：整体犯罪事件数据、Dataset 4：汽车盗窃事件数据、Dataset 5：财产犯罪事件数据、Dataset 6：抢劫事件数据、Dataset 7：车内盗窃事件数据、Dataset 8：暴力犯罪事件数据、Dataset 9：CCTV覆盖区域属性数据、Dataset 10：CCTV摄像机视域属性数据，以及Dataset 15：微观层面特征影响空间数据）用于分析闭路电视摄像机实现最优犯罪威慑效果的应用场景。微观层面影响因素被划分为五大类别：环境特征、视距范围、摄像机设计与执法活动（涵盖犯罪与逮捕两类数据）；模块3（Dataset 11：试验期间CCTV覆盖区域内产生的勤务呼叫数据、Dataset 12：试验期间CCTV监控范围内产生的勤务呼叫数据、Dataset 13：试验期间运维人员开展的针对性监控数据、Dataset 14：每周监控活动数据，以及Dataset 16：随机对照试验（Randomized Controlled Trial）空间数据）为一项随机对照试验，用于评估主动闭路电视监控与定向巡逻单元协同应用的实际效果。研究团队在超过40次独立的四小时执勤时段中，增设专职摄像监控人员负责值守纽瓦克市的特定闭路电视摄像机。同时部署两支巡逻小队，专门配合监控人员，仅负责响应试验摄像机侦测到的可疑事件。各数据集涵盖的变量包括：警方报告与事件发生日期、犯罪类型、处置代码、视域辖区内各类事件的发生数量、触发警方执法行动的闭路电视侦测次数，以及覆盖区域内的学校、零售商铺、酒吧与公共交通设施数量。