Table 2 in Trialling a simple camera-trap based method to estimate Black-backed jackal population density
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Table 2: Density estimates for Black-backed jackals (Lupulella mesomelas) in the grassland habitat on Telperion Nature Reserve from April to June 2017 PeriodVariablesREMgREMSource of velocity dataYTPiV (kmh- 1)R2 + thetaGroup sizeDensity (nkm- 2)Density 95% CInn 95% CIDensity (nkm- 2)Density 95% CInn 95% CIFull durationTelperion 13988353.145.040.042.7110.05[0.01 to 0.13]2.16[0.28 to 5.38]0.02[0.00 to 0.05]0.93[0.12 to 2.32]Karoo 23988353.140.500.042.7110.51[0.07 to 1.27]21.71[2.78 to 53.99]0.22[0.03 to 0.55]9.38[1.20 to 23.33]Natal 33988353.140.430.042.7110.59[0.08 to 1.47]25.23[3.23 to 62.74]0.26[0.03 to 0.64]10.9[1.39 to 27.11]Telperion 13988353.145.040.042.7120.10[0.01 to 0.25]4.33[0.54 to 10.76]0.04[0.01 to 0.11]1.87[0.24 to 4.65]Karoo 23988353.140.500.042.7121.02[0.13 to 2.53]43.42[5.657 to 107.99]0.44[0.06 to 1.09]18.76[2.41 to 46.66]Natal 33988353.140.430.042.7121.20[0.15 to 2.94]50.45[6.47 to 125.59]0.51[0.07 to 1.27]21.80[2.80 to 54.22]April / MayTelperion 11145003.145.040.042.7110.03[0 to 0.07]1.2[0 to 3.16]0.01[0.00 to 0.03]0.52[0.00 to 1.36]Karoo 21145003.140.500.042.7110.29[0 to 0.74]12.02[0 to 31.69]0.12[0.00 to 0.32]5.19[0.00 to 13.69]Natal 31145003.140.430.042.7110.33[0 to 0.86]13.97[0 to 36.83]0.14[0.00 to 0.37]6.04[0.00 to 15.91]Telperion 11145003.145.040.042.7120.06[0 to 0.15]2.40[0 to 6.31]0.02[0.00 to 0.06]1.04[0.00 to 2.73]Karoo 21145003.140.500.042.7120.56[0 to 1.49]24.04[0 to 63.39]0.24[0.00 to 0.64]10.39[0.00 to 27.39]Natal1145003.140.430.042.7120.66[0 to 1.73]27.94[0 to 73.66]0.28[0.00 to 0.75]12.07[0.00 to 31.83]May / JuneTelperion 12843353.145.040.042.7110.07[0.01 to 0.18]3.16[0.34 to 7.56]0.03[0.00 to 0.08]1.37[0.15 to 3.22]Karoo 22843353.140.500.042.7110.74[0.08 to 1.78]31.77[3.45 to 75.93]0.32[0.03 to 0.76]13.73[1.47 to 32.35]Natal 32843353.140.430.042.7110.87[0.10 to 2.07]36.91[4.01 to 88.23]0.37[0.04 to 0.88]15.95[1.71 to 37.60]Telperion 12843353.145.040.042.7120.15[0.02 to 0.35]6.33[0.69 to 15.13]0.06[0.01 to 0.15]2.73[0.29 to 6.45]Karoo 22843353.140.500.042.7121.49[0.16 to 3.56]63.53[6.90 to 151.85]0.64[0.07 to 1.51]27.45[2.94 to 64.71]Natal 32843353.140.430.042.7121.73[0.19 to 4.14]73.83[8.02 to 176.46]0.75[0.08 to 1.76]31.90[3.42 to 75.19] 1 Using camera trap estimated velocity on Telperion 2 Drouilly unpublished GPS collar data - pers. Comm. 3 Humphries et al. 2016 GPS collar data Y = number of detections or speed estimates T = Number of hours total Pi = constant V= estimated velocity in kmh-1 R = radius of detection zone (40m) theta = base angle of detection zone in radians REM - Random encounter model as formulated by Rowcliffe et al. (2008) gREM - generalised Randon encounter model as formulated by Lucas et al. (2015) 95% CI estimated using bootstrap method (Rowcliffe et al. 2008)
表2：2017年4月至6月，特尔佩里翁自然保护区（Telperion Nature Reserve）草地生境中黑背胡狼（Black-backed jackals, *Lupulella mesomelas*）的种群密度估计值 表头字段说明：时段（Period）、变量（Variables）、随机相遇模型（Random encounter model, REM）、广义随机相遇模型（generalised Random encounter model, gREM）、速度数据来源（Source of velocity data）、Y（检测次数或速度估计值）、T（总时长，单位：小时）、Pi（常数）、V（估算速度，单位：km·h⁻¹）、R²+θ（检测区半径平方与底角之和）、群大小（Group size）、密度（单位：只·km⁻²）、密度95%置信区间、n的95%置信区间、密度（只·km⁻²）、密度95%置信区间、n的95%置信区间 具体数据集： 全时段 特尔佩里翁1 1398835 3.14 5.04 0.04 2.711 0.05[0.01至0.13] 2.16[0.28至5.38] 0.02[0.00至0.05] 0.93[0.12至2.32] 卡鲁2 1398835 3.14 0.50 0.04 2.711 0.51[0.07至1.27] 21.71[2.78至53.99] 0.22[0.03至0.55] 9.38[1.20至23.33] 纳塔尔3 1398835 3.14 0.43 0.04 2.711 0.59[0.08至1.47] 25.23[3.23至62.74] 0.26[0.03至0.64] 10.9[1.39至27.11] 特尔佩里翁1 1398835 3.14 5.04 0.04 2.712 0.10[0.01至0.25] 4.33[0.54至10.76] 0.04[0.01至0.11] 1.87[0.24至4.65] 卡鲁2 1398835 3.14 0.50 0.04 2.712 1.02[0.13至2.53] 43.42[5.657至107.99] 0.44[0.06至1.09] 18.76[2.41至46.66] 纳塔尔3 1398835 3.14 0.43 0.04 2.712 1.20[0.15至2.94] 50.45[6.47至125.59] 0.51[0.07至1.27] 21.80[2.80至54.22] 4月/5月 特尔佩里翁1 114500 3.14 5.04 0.04 2.711 0.03[0至0.07] 1.2[0至3.16] 0.01[0.00至0.03] 0.52[0.00至1.36] 卡鲁2 114500 3.14 0.50 0.04 2.711 0.29[0至0.74] 12.02[0至31.69] 0.12[0.00至0.32] 5.19[0.00至13.69] 纳塔尔3 114500 3.14 0.43 0.04 2.711 0.33[0至0.86] 13.97[0至36.83] 0.14[0.00至0.37] 6.04[0.00至15.91] 特尔佩里翁1 114500 3.14 5.04 0.04 2.712 0.06[0至0.15] 2.40[0至6.31] 0.02[0.00至0.06] 1.04[0.00至2.73] 卡鲁2 114500 3.14 0.50 0.04 2.712 0.56[0至1.49] 24.04[0至63.39] 0.24[0.00至0.64] 10.39[0.00至27.39] 纳塔尔3 114500 3.14 0.43 0.04 2.712 0.66[0至1.73] 27.94[0至73.66] 0.28[0.00至0.75] 12.07[0.00至31.83] 5月/6月 特尔佩里翁1 284335 3.14 5.04 0.04 2.711 0.07[0.01至0.18] 3.16[0.34至7.56] 0.03[0.00至0.08] 1.37[0.15至3.22] 卡鲁2 284335 3.14 0.50 0.04 2.711 0.74[0.08至1.78] 31.77[3.45至75.93] 0.32[0.03至0.76] 13.73[1.47至32.35] 纳塔尔3 284335 3.14 0.43 0.04 2.711 0.87[0.10至2.07] 36.91[4.01至88.23] 0.37[0.04至0.88] 15.95[1.71至37.60] 特尔佩里翁1 284335 3.14 5.04 0.04 2.712 0.15[0.02至0.35] 6.33[0.69至15.13] 0.06[0.01至0.15] 2.73[0.29至6.45] 卡鲁2 284335 3.14 0.50 0.04 2.712 1.49[0.16至3.56] 63.53[6.90至151.85] 0.64[0.07至1.51] 27.45[2.94至64.71] 纳塔尔3 284335 3.14 0.43 0.04 2.712 1.73[0.19至4.14] 73.83[8.02至176.46] 0.75[0.08至1.76] 31.90[3.42至75.19] 数据来源注释： 1 采用特尔佩里翁地区的相机陷阱估算速度 2 德鲁伊（Drouilly）未发表的GPS项圈数据——私人通信 3 汉弗莱斯等（Humphries et al.，2016）的GPS项圈数据 变量定义： Y = 检测次数或速度估计值 T = 总时长，单位：小时 Pi = 常数 V = 估算速度，单位：千米/小时（km·h⁻¹） R = 检测区半径，为40米 θ = 检测区的底角，单位：弧度 REM：罗克利夫等（Rowcliffe et al.，2008）提出的随机相遇模型（Random encounter model） gREM：卢卡斯等（Lucas et al.，2015）提出的广义随机相遇模型（generalised Random encounter model） 95%置信区间采用自助法（bootstrap method）估算（罗克利夫等，2008）
