Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network Breeding Bird Data Package

This monitoring dataset consists of variable circular plot - continuous distance - point count bird observations and site conditions along with extensive habitat data for breeding birds in the National Park Service Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network Parks. The dataset includes approximately 65,000 individual bird observations covering over 200 bird species observed at 12 NPS park units taken between 2001 and 2022. The overall goals of Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network breeding bird monitoring are the following: to identify significant temporal changes in the species composition and abundance of bird communities that occur on parks during the breeding season; to improve our understanding of relationships between breeding birds and their habitat and the effects of management actions, such as prairie restoration or prescribed fire, on bird populations. These goals are accomplished by examining potential correlations between changes in specific habitat variables, for example, vegetation structure and ground cover, and changes in bird community composition and abundance. The 12 park units included in this study are in Arkansas - Arkansas Post National Memorial and Pea Ridge National Military Park; Indiana - Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial; Iowa - Effigy Mounds National Monument and Herber Hoover National Historic Site; Kansas - Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve; Minnesota - Pipestone National Monument; Missouri - George Washington Carver National Monument and Wilson's Creek National Battlefield; Nebraska - Agate Fossil Beds National Monument and Homestead National Historical Park; and Ohio - Hopewell Culture National Historical Park.

本监测数据集包含美国国家公园管理局（National Park Service，以下简称NPS）中心区清查与监测网络（Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network）所辖公园内，针对繁殖鸟类采用可变样圆-连续距离-点计数法获取的鸟类观测数据、样地环境信息，以及详尽的繁殖鸟类生境数据。本数据集涵盖2001年至2022年间，在NPS下属12个园区内记录到的约6.5万条鸟类个体观测记录，涉及200余个鸟类物种。中心区清查与监测网络的繁殖鸟类监测总体目标分为两点：其一，识别各园区繁殖季鸟类群落的物种组成与种群丰度在时间维度上的显著变化；其二，深化对繁殖鸟类与生境之间关联关系的理解，以及草原修复、计划火烧等管理措施对鸟类种群的影响。上述监测目标通过分析特定生境变量（如植被结构、地表覆盖）的变化与鸟类群落组成及种群丰度变化之间的潜在相关性得以实现。本研究涉及的12个园区分布如下：阿肯色州：阿肯色波斯特国家纪念地、皮里奇国家军事公园；印第安纳州：林肯童年国家纪念地；艾奥瓦州：肖像土墩国家纪念地、赫伯特·胡佛国家历史遗址；堪萨斯州：高草草原国家保留地；明尼苏达州：烟斗石国家纪念地；密苏里州：乔治·华盛顿·卡弗国家纪念地、威尔逊溪国家战场；内布拉斯加州：阿加特化石床国家纪念地、宅地国家历史公园；俄亥俄州：霍普韦尔文化国家历史公园。