Data for detecting trends in hydroclimatic changes in the Svartberget Krycklan catchment

Here we use a climate time series from the Krycklan catchment to detect corresponding changes in seasonal runoff in a boreal catchment in Northern Sweden. To do this, we have used 40 years of temperature and precipitation data to categorised into seasons to detect extreme climate indices. Significant changes were observed particularly in the winter with eight indices indicating winters are becoming warmer. Looking at runoff, we have observed increasing baseflow during the winter but decreasing baseflow during the summers. Using the significant climate indices to predict the changes in runoff variability across the 40 years indicated that warmer winters increase winter baseflow but exhaust the water stored to sustain summer baseflow. We verified this using isotope data which showed that stream water reflect winter precipitation signals while summer baseflow had decreasing winter signals. These findings are important for understanding future changes in boreal climate and how catchments water will be affected by the redistribution of season flow.

本研究采用瑞典北部克里克兰流域（Krycklan catchment）的气候时间序列数据，旨在探测该寒带流域内季节性径流的相应变化特征。为实现该研究目标，我们利用40年的气温与降水数据按季节分类，提取极端气候指数。研究观测到显著变化主要集中于冬季，共有8项指数表明冬季正逐渐变暖。针对径流指标，我们发现冬季基流呈上升趋势，而夏季基流则有所下降。通过上述显著极端气候指数对40年间径流变异特征的变化进行预测后可知：冬季变暖会提升冬季基流，但会耗尽用于维持夏季基流的储水总量。我们借助同位素数据验证了该结论，结果显示河流水体能够反映冬季降水的信号特征，而夏季基流中携带的冬季信号则呈减弱趋势。本研究结果对于理解寒带气候的未来演变，以及流域水体如何受季节径流再分配的影响具有重要的科学参考价值。