No Escape: The Influence of Substrate Sodium on Plant Growth and Tissue Sodium Responses

This dataset contains data from a systematic review carried out to understand substrate sodium's influence on plant growth and sodium accumulation strategies.  Accordingly, we carried out a systematic review of plants’ responses to variation in substrate sodium concentrations. We compared biomass and tissue-sodium accumulation among 107 cultivars or populations (67 species in 20 plant families), broadly expanding beyond the agricultural and model taxa for which several generalizations previously had been made. We hypothesized a priori response models for each population’s growth and sodium accumulation as a function of increasing substrate NaCl and used Bayesian Information Criterion to choose the best model. Additionally, using a phylogenetic signal analysis, we tested for phylogenetic patterning of responses across taxa. The influence of substrate sodium on growth differed across taxa, with most populations experiencing detrimental effects at high concentrations. Irrespective of growth responses, tissue sodium concentrations for most taxa increased as sodium concentration in the substrate increased. We found no strong associations between type of growth response and type of sodium accumulation response across taxa. Although experiments often fail to test plants across a sufficiently broad range of substrate salinities, non-crop species tended toward higher sodium tolerance than domesticated species. Moreover, some phylogenetic conservatism was apparent, in that evolutionary history helped predict the distribution of total-plant growth responses across the phylogeny, but not sodium accumulation responses. Our study reveals that saltier plants in saltier soils prove to be a broadly general pattern for sodium across plant taxa. Regardless of growth responses, sodium accumulation mostly followed an increasing trend as substrate sodium levels increased.

Methods
This dataset was collected from 48 studies and incorporated raw data dorm 107 populations, in 66 species across 20 plant families. We used a PRISMA protocol to perform a systematic search in Web of Science add rigorously selected articles that fitted our selection criteria. The dataset has 8 tables that are described as follow: 

Supporting Information S1: Figure S1: Populations’ responses to increasing substrate NaCl concentrations. Above- (a) and belowground (b) relative biomass growth responses across NaCl treatments for each population sampled in the study. Negative and positive values represent a growth inhibition or an increase, respectively, in growth relative to control NaCl substrate concentrations.  Also, the effect of NaCl treatments on above- (c) and belowground (d) sodium accumulation across increasing NaCl substrate concentrations for each population. The main data shown cover the range from 0 to 600 mM treatments of NaCl. An inset with the complete dataset and treatments is included with each panel. Colors represent the responses that describe biomass growth and sodium accumulation responses, as in Tables 1 and 2.

Supporting Information: Table S1: Summary of populations’ responses. Each population response was classified using a model selection approach related to a priori predictions. 

Supporting Information: Table S2: Compiled data used for phylogenetic signal analysis.

Supporting Information: Table S3: Biomass growth raw data extracted from each study for each population considered in the study.  

Supporting Information: Table S4: Sodium accumulation raw data extracted from each study for each population considered in the study.  

Supporting Information: Table S5: Model Selection results for each population response for biomass growth. AIC, AICc, and BIC results for each population are recorded here along with likelihood, delta, and weights for each model.

Supporting information: Table S6: Model Selection results for each population response for sodium accumulation. AIC, AICc, and BIC results for each population are recorded here along with likelihood, delta, and weights for each model.

Supporting Information: Table S7: Model selection responses for biomass growth for above- and belowground tissues. Only BIC results are included along with likelihood, delta, and weight for each model.  

Supporting Information: Table S8: Model selection responses for sodium accumulation for above- and belowground tissues. Only BIC results are included along with likelihood, delta, and weight for each model.

本数据集源自一项系统综述，旨在探究基质钠对植物生长及钠积累策略的影响。据此，我们针对植物对基质钠浓度变化的响应开展了系统综述研究。我们比较了107个品种或种群（隶属于20个植物科的67个物种）的生物量与组织钠积累情况，研究范围大幅拓展了此前已形成若干一般性结论的农业类群与模式类群。我们针对每个种群的生长与钠积累情况，基于基质氯化钠（NaCl）浓度升高的效应构建了先验响应模型，并采用贝叶斯信息准则（Bayesian Information Criterion, BIC）选取最优模型。此外，我们通过系统发育信号分析，检验了不同类群响应的系统发育模式。

基质钠对植物生长的影响因类群而异，多数种群在高钠浓度下会受到不利影响。无论生长响应如何变化，多数类群的组织钠浓度均随基质钠浓度升高而上升。我们未发现不同类群的生长响应类型与钠积累响应类型之间存在显著关联。尽管相关实验往往未能在足够宽的基质盐度范围内开展测试，但非作物物种相较于驯化物种往往表现出更高的钠耐受性。此外，研究发现存在一定程度的系统发育保守性：进化历史有助于预测系统发育树上整体植物生长响应的分布，但无法预测钠积累响应的分布。本研究表明，“高盐土壤中的高钠植物”是跨植物类群的一般性钠积累规律。无论生长响应类型如何，随着基质钠水平升高，钠积累大多呈现上升趋势。

## 研究方法
本数据集采集自48项研究，整合了20个植物科下66个物种的107个种群的原始数据。我们遵循PRISMA规范在Web of Science数据库中进行系统检索，并严格筛选符合纳入标准的文献。本数据集包含8张表格，具体说明如下：

### 补充材料S1：图S1：种群对基质NaCl浓度升高的响应
本图展示了本研究中每个采样种群在不同NaCl处理下的地上部（a）与地下部（b）相对生物量生长响应。负值与正值分别代表相较于对照NaCl基质浓度下的生长抑制与生长提升。同时，该图还展示了NaCl处理对每个种群地上部（c）与地下部（d）钠积累的影响，对应基质NaCl浓度升高的梯度。主图展示的NaCl处理浓度范围为0至600 mM，每个子图均附带包含完整数据集与处理梯度的内嵌图。颜色对应生物量生长与钠积累响应的分类，与表1、表2一致。

### 补充材料表S1：种群响应汇总
本表格基于模型选择方法对每个种群的响应进行分类，该方法与先验预测模型相关。

### 补充材料表S2：系统发育信号分析所用的整合数据

### 补充材料表S3：本研究中每个种群的生物量生长原始提取数据

### 补充材料表S4：本研究中每个种群的钠积累原始提取数据

### 补充材料表S5：各种群生物量生长响应的模型选择结果
本表格记录了每个种群的AIC、AICc与BIC结果，同时附带各模型的似然值、Δ值与权重。

### 补充材料表S6：各种群钠积累响应的模型选择结果
本表格记录了每个种群的AIC、AICc与BIC结果，同时附带各模型的似然值、Δ值与权重。

### 补充材料表S7：地上部与地下部生物量生长的模型选择响应
本表格仅包含BIC结果，以及各模型的似然值、Δ值与权重。

### 补充材料表S8：地上部与地下部钠积累的模型选择响应
本表格仅包含BIC结果，以及各模型的似然值、Δ值与权重。