离子型稀土矿镁盐绿色降杂浸取技术开发数据集

本文针对离子型稀土矿硫酸镁浸取过程，系统揭示了浸矿液 pH 与硫酸镁浓度对铝赋存形态转化、迁移及浸出规律的调控机制：高浓度硫酸镁体系提高 pH 可抑制羟基吸附态铝浸出，低浓度体系降低 pH 能加速稀土离子交换解吸，通过梯级调控可同步实现降铝与提效。萃余液循环过程中铝离子可替代部分镁离子参与离子交换，降低浸取剂消耗且铝在液固两相保持动态平衡，不会无限富集。基于上述机制，开发了以硫酸镁为主的镁‑铝复合绿色浸取剂及梯级调控强化浸取技术，稀土浸出率达 97.3%，杂质铝浸出率较硫酸铵体系降低 21.6%；引入乙酸构建硫酸镁‑乙酸复合体系，可降低黏土矿物 Zeta 电位并与稀土形成配位络合物，最优条件下稀土浸出率达 98.4%，较硫酸铵体系提升 6.0% 以上。为离子型稀土矿高效、低杂质、绿色浸出提供了理论依据与技术支撑。

This study focuses on the magnesium sulfate leaching process of ion-adsorbed rare earth ores, and systematically reveals the regulatory mechanism of leaching solution pH and magnesium sulfate concentration on the transformation, migration and leaching behavior of aluminum occurrence species: Increasing pH in high-concentration magnesium sulfate systems inhibits the leaching of hydroxyl-adsorbed aluminum, while lowering pH in low-concentration systems accelerates the ion exchange desorption of rare earth ions. Through hierarchical regulation, simultaneous aluminum removal and efficiency improvement can be achieved. During the recycling of raffinate, aluminum ions can replace part of magnesium ions to participate in ion exchange, reducing the consumption of leaching agents and maintaining a dynamic balance of aluminum between liquid and solid phases, thus preventing infinite enrichment of aluminum. Based on the above mechanism, a magnesium-aluminum composite green leaching agent dominated by magnesium sulfate and a hierarchical regulation enhanced leaching technology were developed. The rare earth leaching rate reached 97.3%, and the leaching rate of impurity aluminum was 21.6% lower than that of the ammonium sulfate system. Introducing acetic acid to construct a magnesium sulfate-acetic acid composite system can reduce the Zeta potential of clay minerals and form coordination complexes with rare earth ions. Under optimal conditions, the rare earth leaching rate reached 98.4%, which was more than 6.0% higher than that of the ammonium sulfate system. This study provides theoretical basis and technical support for efficient, low-impurity and green leaching of ion-adsorbed rare earth ores.