The complete chloroplast genome of <i>Polygala tatarinowii</i> (Polygalaceae)

<i>Polygala tatarinowii</i> (Polygalaceae) is an annual herb with ecological, medicinal, and agricultural potential. Here, we present the inaugural assembly of its chloroplast genome (plastome). The total plastome spans 168,779 bp in length, featuring two expanded inverted repeat (IR) regions measuring 43,427 bp each, flanking a large single-copy (LSC) region of 73,712 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 8213 bp. The plastome exhibits a GC content of 36.8%. Annotation of the plastome revealed a total of 112 unique genes, comprising 78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs and 4 rRNAs. Uncommonly, two copies of the <i>trn</i>Q^UUG gene were identified within the IRs, resulting in the presence of three <i>trn</i>Q^UUG copies in this plastome. Additionally, reductions were observed in the <i>ycf</i>1 and <i>ycf</i>2 genes. Phylogenetic analysis effectively resolves the relationships among sampled Polygalaceae species. Our findings underscore the instrumental role of plastomes in advancing research on the systematics, phylogenetics, and genetic diversity of Polygalaceae.西伯利亚远志（*Polygala tatarinowii*）隶属于远志科（Polygalaceae），是一种兼具生态、药用及农业应用潜力的一年生草本植物。本研究首次报道了其叶绿体基因组（质体基因组，plastome）的组装结果。该质体基因组总长度为168779 bp，包含两个扩张的反向重复（inverted repeat, IR）区域，每个区域长度为43427 bp，分别侧翼连接长单拷贝（large single-copy, LSC）区域（73712 bp）与短小单拷贝（small single-copy, SSC）区域（8213 bp）。该质体基因组的GC含量为36.8%。质体基因组注释结果显示，共包含112个独特基因，其中78个为蛋白编码基因、30个转运RNA（tRNA）基因以及4个核糖体RNA（rRNA）基因。较为特殊的是，在IR区域内发现了2个trnQ^UUG基因拷贝，使得该质体基因组中共存在3个trnQ^UUG基因拷贝。此外，ycf1与ycf2基因存在序列长度缩减现象。系统发育分析成功解析了所采样的远志科物种间的系统发育关系。本研究结果证实了质体基因组在推动远志科植物分类学、系统发育学及遗传多样性研究中的重要支撑作用。