Sexual conflict in wing size and shape in Drosophila melanogaster

Intralocus sexual conflict occurs when opposing selection pressures operate on loci expressed in both sexes, constraining the evolution of sexual dimorphism and displacing one or both sexes from their optimum. We eliminated intralocus conflict in Drosophila melanogaster by limiting transmission of all major chromosomes to males, thereby allowing them to win the intersexual tug-of-war. Here we show that this male-limited (ML) evolution treatment led to the evolution (in both sexes) of masculinized wing morphology, body size, growth rate, wing loading, and allometry. In addition to more male-like size and shape, ML evolution resulted in an increase in developmental stability for males. However females expressing ML chromosomes were less developmentally stable, suggesting that being ontogenetically more male-like was disruptive to development. Sexual selection over size and shape of the imago may explain the persistence of substantial genetic variation in these characters and the ontogene...

位点内性别冲突（Intralocus sexual conflict）指当相反的选择压力作用于在两性中均表达的基因座时，会限制两性异形的演化，并使一个或两个两性偏离其适应最优状态。我们通过将所有主要染色体的传递仅限制于雄性，消除了黑腹果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）中的位点内性别冲突，从而使其在两性间的进化拔河中取得胜利。本研究表明，该限雄（ML）进化处理使得（两性均）演化出雄性化的翅形态、体型、生长速率、翼载荷及异速生长模式。除呈现更具雄性特征的体型与外形外，限雄进化还提升了雄性的发育稳定性。然而，携带限雄染色体的雌性发育稳定性却有所下降，这表明在个体发育上更偏向雄性会对发育造成干扰。针对成虫体型与外形的性选择，或可解释这些性状以及个体发育过程中存在大量遗传变异的现象……