Influence of spacing and harvests on the production of scarlet eggplant and chicory under intercropping system

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the fresh mass of scarlet eggplant (kg/pl) and the number of leaves of chicory (nºf/pl) in relation to the spacing used by the farmers of the region for both crops. The experiment evaluated these crops under intercropping cultivation system, varying the number of chicory rows between scarlet eggplant rows as well as harvests (cycle of each crop), for intercropping and monocropping systems. The treatments were T1= scarlet eggplant 0.7x1.1 m (monocropping); T2= intercropped scarlet eggplant, 0.7x1.5 m, with four rows of chicory, 0.2x0.2 m between rows; T3= intercropped scarlet eggplant, 0.7x1.1 m, with three rows and chicory, 0.2x0.2 m; T4= intercropped scarlet eggplant, 0.7x1.3 m, with four rows of chicory, 0.2x0.2 m; T5= intercropped scarlet eggplant, 0.7x1.3 m, with three rows of chicory, 0.2x0.2 m; T6= chicory 0.2x0.1x0.4 m in two double rows, 0.2 m between rows, 0.1 m between plants and 0.4 m between double rows in 1.5 m linear area (monocropping) and T7= chicory 0.2x0.3 m with three simple rows in an 1.5-m area (monocropping). The experimental design was of strip blocks, in a 5x16 factorial scheme, consisting of five spacings of scarlet eggplant (monocropping), 1.5x0.7 m, 1.3x0.7 m and 1.1x0.7 m, alternating the number of chicory rows between rows and 16 harvests in time, once a week. For chicory, the design was also in a 6x12 factorial scheme, with six spacings. The spacing 0.2x0.2 m was intercropped with scarlet eggplant, alternating the number of rows and two monocroppings 0.2x0.1x0.4 m in double rows and 0.2x0.3 m with 12 harvests in time, being performed one harvest per week along with the scarlet eggplant. Intercropped scarlet eggplant in spacing 0.7x1.5 m showed higher averages in some harvests followed by spacing 0.7x1.3 m with four chicory rows between rows. Spacings 0.2x0.1x0.4 m and 0.2x0.3 m were the ones which provided the best averages for chicory crop, except for the 5th harvest, in which spacing 0.2x0.2 m consisting of four chicory rows provided the highest average (5.7 leaves/plant). Regardless of monocropping and intercropping arrangement used for chicory the Area Equivalence Index (IEA) was over 1.6.

摘要 本研究旨在评估红茄（scarlet eggplant）的鲜质量（单位：千克/株，kg/pl）与菊苣（chicory）的叶片数（单位：片/株，nºf/pl），并分析其与该区域农户针对两种作物所采用的种植行距的相关性。本试验在间作栽培体系下开展两种作物的评价研究，设置红茄行内菊苣种植行数与采收期（对应各作物生育周期）两个变量，同时涵盖间作与单作两种栽培模式。

试验处理设置如下：T1为单作红茄，行株距0.7×1.1 m；T2为间作模式，红茄行株距0.7×1.5 m，搭配4行菊苣，菊苣行株距0.2×0.2 m；T3为间作模式，红茄行株距0.7×1.1 m，搭配3行菊苣，菊苣行株距0.2×0.2 m；T4为间作模式，红茄行株距0.7×1.3 m，搭配4行菊苣，菊苣行株距0.2×0.2 m；T5为间作模式，红茄行株距0.7×1.3 m，搭配3行菊苣，菊苣行株距0.2×0.2 m；T6为单作菊苣，采用双行种植模式，行内株距0.1 m、行间距0.2 m，双行间距0.4 m，设置于1.5 m线性种植带内，行株距配置为0.2×0.1×0.4 m；T7为单作菊苣，采用3条单行种植模式，种植于1.5 m线性种植带内，行株距0.2×0.3 m。

试验采用条区设计，设置5×16析因方案：红茄单作设置3种行距配置（1.5×0.7 m、1.3×0.7 m、1.1×0.7 m），同时设置红茄行内菊苣种植行数作为变量，另设置16个时序采收期，每周采收1次。针对菊苣的试验同样采用6×12析因方案，包含6种种植行距配置：与红茄间作的0.2×0.2 m行株距配置、两种单作模式（0.2×0.1×0.4 m双行种植与0.2×0.3 m单行种植），共设置12个时序采收期，每周采收1次，与红茄采收周期同步。

结果表明：部分采收期中，行株距0.7×1.5 m的间作红茄鲜质量均值最高，其次为搭配4行菊苣的0.7×1.3 m间作模式。菊苣种植中，0.2×0.1×0.4 m与0.2×0.3 m两种配置的叶片数均值最优，但第5次采收期除外——该时期下搭配4行菊苣的0.2×0.2 m间作模式菊苣叶片数均值最高，达5.7片/株。无论菊苣采用单作还是间作配置，其区域当量指数（Area Equivalence Index, IEA）均高于1.6。