Data_Sheet_1_The associations between problematic smartphone use and blood pressure among 2,573 aged 9–17 years students in Shanghai, China.pdf

ObjectivesThis study aimed to (1) examine the cross-sectional association between problematic smartphone use (PSU) and blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents and (2) determine whether the association between PSU and BP differs by the grade of students.
MethodsWe recruited a total of 2,573 participants from 14 schools in Shanghai by a two-stage sampling method. We derived BP data from the participant's most recent medical examination data, including systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). We measured PSU by a modified PSU Classification Scale. We also assessed demographic characteristics, body mass index, behavioral variables, and physiological characteristics.
ResultsHigh school students had higher BP and PSU scores than primary and middle school students. PSU on the dimension of information collection was associated positively with both SBP and DBP among primary and middle school students, with the β (95% CI) values of 0.282 (0.018, 0.546) and 0.229 (0.031, 0.427). Meanwhile, the dimension of the relationship of social network was associated positively with SBP among primary and middle school students, with a β (95% CI) value of 0.390 (0.062, 0.717). PSU on the dimension of information collection was positively associated with the development of high BP, with a OR (95% CI) value of 1.072 (1.011, 1.137) among primary and middle school students.
ConclusionsPSU might be a potential correlate of high BP among school-age children and adolescents. The associations between PSU and BP differed by the grade of students as well as according to the four dimensions of PSU.

研究目的：本研究旨在(1)探究儿童与青少年群体中问题性智能手机使用（problematic smartphone use, PSU）与血压（blood pressure, BP）之间的横断面关联；(2)明确二者间的关联是否因学生学段不同而存在差异。
研究方法：本研究采用两阶段抽样法，从上海14所学校中共招募2573名受试者。血压数据来源于受试者最近一次的体检结果，包括收缩压（systolic blood pressure, SBP）与舒张压（diastolic blood pressure, DBP）。采用改良版问题性智能手机使用评定量表对受试者的PSU情况进行评估。此外，本研究还收集了受试者的人口学特征、体质指数、行为变量及生理特征等相关信息。
研究结果：高中生的血压水平与PSU得分均高于小学生与初中生群体。在小学生及初中生中，信息收集维度的PSU与收缩压、舒张压均呈正相关，标准化回归系数β（95%置信区间，confidence interval, CI）分别为0.282（0.018, 0.546）与0.229（0.031, 0.427）。与此同时，社交网络关系维度的PSU与该群体的收缩压呈正相关，β（95%CI）值为0.390（0.062, 0.717）。在小学生及初中生群体中，信息收集维度的PSU与高血压发生风险呈正相关，比值比（odds ratio, OR）为1.072（1.011, 1.137）。
研究结论：问题性智能手机使用或为学龄儿童与青少年群体高血压发生的潜在相关因素。PSU与血压之间的关联不仅因学生学段不同而存在差异，同时也因PSU的四个维度不同而有所区别。