Oligonol enhances brain cognition function in high-fat diet-fed mice

Oligonol, a low-molecular-weight polyphenol derived from lychee fruit, is well recognized for its antioxidant properties, blood glucose regulation, and fat mass reduction capability. However, its effect on the central nervous system remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of oligonol on brain in a high-fat diet (HFD) fed mouse model, and SH-SY5Y neuronal cells and primary cultured cortical neuron under insulin resistance conditions. HFD mice were orally administered oligonol (20 mg/kg) daily, and SH-SY5Y cells and primary cortical neurons were pretreated with 500 ng/mL oligonol under in vitro insulin resistance conditions. Our findings revealed that oligonol administration reduced blood glucose levels and improved spatial memory function in HFD mice. In vitro data demonstrated that oligonol protected neuronal cells and enhanced neural structure against insulin resistance. We confirmed RNA sequencing in the oligonol-pretreated insulin-resistant SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. Our RNA-sequencing data indicated that oligonol contributes to metabolic signaling and neurite outgrowth. In conclusion, our study provides insights into therapeutic potential of oligonol with respect to preventing neuronal cell damage and improving neural structure and cognitive function in HFD mice. Overall design: We performed gene expression profiling analysis using data obtained from RNA-seq. Comparative gene expression profiling analysis of RNA-seq data confirmed the effect of oligonol treatment in SH-SY5Y cells where insulin resistance was induced.

低聚酚（Oligonol）是一种源自荔枝果实的低分子量多酚，其抗氧化活性、血糖调节作用及体脂降低功效已得到广泛认可。但其对中枢神经系统的作用仍未明确。本研究以高脂肪饮食（HFD）喂养的小鼠模型、胰岛素抵抗状态下的SH-SY5Y神经元细胞及原代培养皮层神经元为研究对象，探究了Oligonol对脑组织的影响。
HFD小鼠每日经口灌胃给予Oligonol（20 mg/kg）；体外实验中，在胰岛素抵抗条件下以500 ng/mL的Oligonol预处理SH-SY5Y细胞与原代皮层神经元。
本研究结果显示，Oligonol给药可降低HFD小鼠的血糖水平并改善其空间记忆功能。体外实验数据表明，Oligonol可保护神经元细胞，并在胰岛素抵抗状态下维持神经结构完整性。
我们对经Oligonol预处理的胰岛素抵抗SH-SY5Y神经元细胞开展了RNA测序（RNA sequencing）。测序结果显示，Oligonol可参与代谢信号通路调控并促进神经突生长。
综上，本研究揭示了Oligonol在预防HFD小鼠神经元损伤、改善神经结构与认知功能方面的治疗潜力。
实验整体设计：本研究利用RNA测序数据开展基因表达谱分析。通过对诱导胰岛素抵抗的SH-SY5Y细胞的RNA测序数据进行比较基因表达谱分析，验证了Oligonol的处理效应。