ITALIAN TRADE UNIONISM BETWEEN CRISIS OF REPRESENTATIVITY AND CHANGES IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

Abstract Since the beginning of the 1980s, the Italian confederal unionism (CGIL, CISL, UIL) has been undergoing a crisis of representativity, explained by the reduction in the rate of unionization and the difficulty of representing the new forms of employment produced by labor market reform processes in the last three decades. At the same time, it managed to defend the existence of national collective labor agreements, even if the attempts to overcome national category contracts have been more evident in recent years, but the same second-level negotiation has not gained more space. New forms of organization in the representation of precarious workers, outside the scope of the traditional union, and the greater dynamism of extra-confederal unions in the representation of immigrant workers are two elements that contribute to this crisis today. However, this does not mean the loss of its importance in the definitions of the regulatory norms in industrial relations and with the State on matters of collective interest in the world of work (social welfare, labor market, etc.).

摘要：自20世纪80年代初起，意大利联合工会体系（CGIL、CISL、UIL）便一直陷入代表性危机，其诱因包括工会入会率持续下滑，以及难以代表过去三十年间劳动力市场改革进程催生的各类新型就业形态。尽管近年来试图突破全国行业集体合同的举措愈发明显，但该体系仍成功捍卫了全国集体劳动协议的存续，不过二级集体谈判并未获得更多发展空间。传统工会体系之外、用于代表灵活就业劳动者的新型组织形式，以及超联盟工会在代表移民劳动者方面展现出的更强活力，是当前加剧这一代表性危机的两大核心因素。但这并不意味着其在劳资关系监管规范制定，以及在工作领域集体利益相关事项（社会福利、劳动力市场等）上与国家开展协作的重要性有所削弱。