Sample distribution.

BackgroundNeonatal Sepsis remains a significant burden globally, accounting for over 2.5 million neonatal deaths annually, with low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) including Ghana disproportionately affected. The current study sought to ascertain the prevalence of neonatal sepsis and associated factors based on analysis of institutional records from Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH) in Ghana.MethodsThe study involved a retrospective cross-sectional review of randomly sampled medical records of 360 neonates CCTH from January 2018 to December 2021. Descriptive proportions and binary logistic regression analysis were conducted to estimate the prevalence of neonates with sepsis and associated factors.ResultsThe prevalence of neonates with sepsis over the period was estimated to be 59%, with early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) and late-onset neonatal sepsis (LONS) accounting for about 29% and 30%, respectively. Neonatal factors associated with sepsis were low Apgar score (AOR = 1.64; 95% CI:1.01–2.67, p = 0.047) and low birth weight (AOR = 2.54; 95% CI:1.06–6.09, p = 0.037), while maternal factors were maternal education (AOR = 2.65; 95% CI:1.04–6.7, p = 0.040), caesarean deliveries (AOR = 0.45; 95% CI:0.26–0.75, p = 0.003), maternal infection (AOR = 1.79; 95% CI:1.09–2.94, p = 0.020) and foul-smelling liquor (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI:1.09–3.07, p = 0.020).ConclusionThe study underscores the need for improved routine care and assessment of newborns to prevent the onset of neonatal sepsis, with particular emphasis on the neonatal and maternal risk factors highlighted in the current study.背景：新生儿败血症（Neonatal Sepsis）仍是全球范围内的重大疾病负担，每年造成超250万新生儿死亡，低收入和中等收入国家（low-and middle-income countries, LMIC）尤其是加纳受影响尤为严重。本研究旨在基于加纳海岸角教学医院（Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, CCTH）的机构记录分析，明确新生儿败血症的患病率及其相关影响因素。 方法：本研究为回顾性横断面研究，对2018年1月至2021年12月期间加纳海岸角教学医院的360份随机抽取的新生儿医疗记录进行回顾审查。采用描述性比例分析及二元logistic回归分析，估算新生儿败血症的患病率及其相关影响因素。 结果：研究期间新生儿败血症的患病率估算为59%，其中早发型新生儿败血症（early-onset neonatal sepsis, EONS）与晚发型新生儿败血症（late-onset neonatal sepsis, LONS）分别占比约29%与30%。与新生儿败血症相关的新生儿因素包括低Apgar评分（Apgar score）（调整后优势比（adjusted odds ratio, AOR）=1.64；95%置信区间（95% confidence interval, CI）:1.01~2.67，p=0.047）及低出生体重（AOR=2.54；95%CI:1.06~6.09，p=0.037）；母亲相关因素包括母亲受教育程度（AOR=2.65；95%CI:1.04~6.7，p=0.040）、剖宫产分娩（AOR=0.45；95%CI:0.26~0.75，p=0.003）、母亲感染（AOR=1.79；95%CI:1.09~2.94，p=0.020）及异味羊水（foul-smelling liquor）（AOR=1.84；95%CI:1.09~3.07，p=0.020）。 结论：本研究强调需优化新生儿的常规护理与评估流程，以预防新生儿败血症的发生，尤其应重点关注本研究明确的新生儿及母亲相关危险因素。