Memory stimulation training and the functionality of the elderly without cognitive impairment: an integrative review

Abstract The scope of this article is to identify the repercussions of the effect of memory stimulation in healthy elderly individuals. It is an integrative review of the literature, namely of articles published in the last seven years in English, Portuguese and Spanish. The selection was performed through cross-checking of key words: health of the elderly, memory and cognition in the Lilacs, Medline and IBECS databases. The inclusion criteria were: original article; addressing key issue; full text electronically available; population 60 years and above without diagnosis of cognitive impairment. Twelve articles were selected and it was identified that the effect of memory stimulation in the elderly without cognitive impairment can improve performance in advanced, instrumental and basic activities of daily living and in psychological, social and quality of life components in the elderly. Based on analysis of the articles it is important to emphasize the need for further longitudinal and intervention studies focused on cognitive stimulation in the elderly without cognitive impairment and that future research can overcome such limitations by working towards efficient monitoring and evaluation, which is more rigorous and committed to facilitate the cognitive performance of the elderly in daily activities.摘要：本文旨在明确记忆刺激对健康老年个体所产生的影响效应。本研究为整合性文献综述，所纳入的文献均为近7年以英语、葡萄牙语及西班牙语发表的研究成果。文献筛选环节通过对关键词「老年健康、记忆与认知」在LILACS（Lilacs）、MEDLINE（Medline）及IBECS（IBECS）数据库中开展交叉检索完成。本次研究的纳入标准为：原创性研究、聚焦核心议题、可获取电子全文、研究对象为60岁及以上且未被诊断为认知障碍的老年人。最终共纳入12篇文献，分析结果显示，对无认知障碍的老年人实施记忆刺激，可改善其高级日常生活活动、工具性日常生活活动及基础性日常生活活动的表现能力，同时优化老年群体的心理状态、社会适应及生活质量相关维度。基于本次文献分析结果，需着重强调：未来应针对无认知障碍的老年人开展更多聚焦认知刺激的纵向研究与干预研究；后续研究可通过构建更为严谨规范的高效监测与评估体系，弥补现有研究局限，进而助力老年人在日常活动中的认知表现提升。