Table 2_Metabolic reprogramming and transcriptomic adaptation contribute to glyphosate resistance in potato cultivars.xlsx

Glyphosate, a widely used herbicide, inhibits 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase in the shikimate pathway, and its repeated application has led to resistance in several crops, including potato. In this study, we investigated the molecular and metabolic mechanisms underlying glyphosate resistance in two contrasting potato cultivars, DP (glyphosate-tolerant) and MA (glyphosate-sensitive), using integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Glyphosate treatment triggered cultivar-specific responses: although both cultivars activated early stress-related pathways, DP exhibited a more coordinated and sustained transcriptional response, particularly in pathways associated with detoxification, redox homeostasis, and energy regulation, whereas MA showed a broader but less organized response mainly enriched in photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Metabolomic analysis revealed pronounced metabolic reprogramming in DP, including enhanced flux through the shikimate and phenylpropanoid pathways and increased accumulation of tyrosine, ferulic acid, and flavonoids, which contribute to oxidative stress mitigation and structural defense. In contrast, MA displayed weaker metabolic adjustments, especially in secondary metabolism. Overall, these results demonstrate that glyphosate resistance in potato is driven by transcriptional plasticity and metabolic reprogramming that enhance secondary metabolism and stress tolerance, providing new insights into herbicide resistance mechanisms.

草甘膦（Glyphosate）是一种广泛应用的除草剂，可抑制莽草酸途径中的5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶，其重复施用已导致包括马铃薯在内的多种作物产生抗药性。本研究以两个性状差异显著的马铃薯栽培品种——耐草甘膦型DP和敏感型MA为材料，整合转录组学与代谢组学分析手段，探究其草甘膦抗性的分子与代谢调控机制。草甘膦处理引发了品种特异性响应：尽管两个品种均激活了早期胁迫相关通路，但DP的转录响应更为协调且持久，尤其在解毒、氧化还原稳态及能量调控相关通路中表现显著；而MA的响应范围更广但组织性较弱，主要富集于光合作用与碳水化合物代谢通路。代谢组学分析显示，DP发生了显著的代谢重编程，包括莽草酸与苯丙烷通路的代谢流增强，以及酪氨酸、阿魏酸和类黄酮的积累提升，这些物质可缓解氧化胁迫并构建结构防御。与之相反，MA的代谢调控较弱，尤其是在次生代谢层面。综上，本研究结果表明，马铃薯的草甘膦抗性由转录可塑性与代谢重编程驱动，二者可增强次生代谢与胁迫耐受性，为除草剂抗性机制研究提供了全新视角。