Data_Sheet_1_From survival goals to economic rationality: the determinants of farmer households' dual decision regarding land rental area.PDF

IntroductionLarge-scale land rentals are a fundamental way of realizing the moderate-scale operation and transformation of modern agriculture. As the suppliers and main demanders in the land rental market, the decision-making logic of farmer households determines the scale of land rentals. However, land rentals have been plagued by the prominent issues of farmer households' insufficient participation and fragmented rental transactions. It is importance and urgent to promote farmer households' participation in large-scale land rental market.
MethodsBased on a sample of 4,815 farmer households from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) database, this study applied Bivariate Tobit (Bi-Tobit) model to investigate the correlation between farmer households' decisions of rented-in and rented-out area, and analyzed the determinants and inherent logics of the decision making. Heterogeneity analysis was made to examine the difference in surplus and indebted farmer households.
ResultsThe results showed that there was a significantly negative correlation between the household rented-in area and the rented-out area. The land value had significantly positive effect on the rented-in area and the rented-out area. Household social security had a significantly positive effect on the rented-out area, but had no significant effect on the rented-in area. For indebted households, only social security significantly affected their decisions of rented-out area, while for surplus households, land value rather than social security became the significant determinant of rented-in and rented-out area.
DiscussionFarmer households' land rented-in area and rented-out area have comprised a dual decision with a significant negative correlation. Facing the dual functions of creating economic value and providing social security of rural land, farmer households' decision-making logic of rented-in area is dominated by economic rationality, whereas that of rented-out area involves the coexistence of economic rationality and survival rationality. With the improvement of household income level, the dominant logic of the decisions of land rental area transformed from survival rationality to economic rationality. Policies should enhance the rural social security system to increase land rental area, especially by providing adequate social security for farmer households with a lower income level.

引言
大规模土地流转是实现现代农业适度规模经营与转型的核心路径之一。作为土地流转市场的供给方与核心需求方，农户的决策逻辑直接决定了土地流转的规模。然而当前土地流转仍面临农户参与度不足、流转交易碎片化等突出问题，推动农户深度参与大规模土地流转市场兼具重要性与紧迫性。

研究方法
本研究基于中国家庭追踪调查（China Family Panel Studies, CFPS）数据库中4815户农户的样本数据，采用双变量托比特（Bivariate Tobit, Bi-Tobit）模型，探究农户土地转入与转出面积的决策相关性，并分析其决策的影响因素与内在逻辑；同时通过异质性分析，对比盈余农户与负债农户的决策差异。

研究结果
结果表明，农户土地转入面积与转出面积之间存在显著的负相关关系；土地价值对农户土地转入与转出面积均具有显著正向影响；家庭社会保障对农户土地转出面积具有显著正向作用，但对土地转入面积无显著影响。异质性分析结果显示，负债农户仅社会保障显著影响其土地转出决策，而盈余农户的土地转入与转出决策的显著影响因素为土地价值而非社会保障。

讨论
农户土地转入与转出面积决策构成一组显著负相关的二元决策。农村土地兼具创造经济价值与提供社会保障的双重功能，农户土地转入决策的逻辑以经济理性为主导，而土地转出决策则同时存在经济理性与生存理性的双重考量。随着家庭收入水平提升，农户土地流转面积决策的主导逻辑从生存理性转向经济理性。政策层面应完善农村社会保障体系以扩大土地流转规模，尤其需为低收入农户提供充足的社会保障支撑。