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The green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant extracts offers an environmentally friendly approach that reduces energy consumption and avoids hazardous chemicals, thus increasing various sustainable applications. This study investigates the green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO nanoparticles) using extracts from pomegranate (Punica granatum) leaves and their application in enhancing calcareous alkali-activated materials (AAMs). Characterization techniques, including Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Dynamic Light scattering (DLS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), were employed. CuO nanoparticles were incorporated into cold-pressed AAMs at varying concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% by weight). Mechanical and physical properties such as compressive strength, porosity, and water absorption were evaluated, followed by microstructural analysis using XRD, FTIR, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The synthesized CuO nanoparticles exhibited high crystallinity with minor amorphous content and a narrow size distribution, with an average particle size of 78 nm. The incorporation of 0.5% CuO nanoparticles yielded optimal results, increasing compressive strength (UCS) by 37.3% and reducing porosity and water absorption by 0.75% and 0.4%, respectively, compared to the control. Microstructural analysis indicated that CuO nanoparticles enhance matrix compactness and promote the formation of alkali-activated binder phases. Overall, the findings demonstrate that Punica granatum leaf extract can be effectively used for the green synthesis of semi-spherical CuO nanoparticles (<100 nm) with good stability. Their incorporation into calcareous AAMs significantly improves matrix densification and mechanical performance.采用植物提取物进行金属纳米颗粒的绿色合成，是一种环境友好的技术路径，可降低能源消耗并规避有害化学品的使用，进而拓展其各类可持续应用场景。本研究以石榴（Punica granatum）叶片提取物为原料，开展氧化铜纳米颗粒（copper oxide nanoparticles）的绿色合成，并探究其在改良钙质碱激发材料（calcareous alkali-activated materials, AAMs）中的应用。本研究采用了多种表征手段，包括紫外-可见分光光度法（Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy, UV-Vis）、傅里叶变换红外光谱法（Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, FTIR）、X射线衍射法（X-ray Diffraction, XRD）、动态光散射法（Dynamic Light Scattering, DLS）以及透射电子显微镜法（Transmission Electron Microscopy, TEM）。将CuO纳米颗粒以不同质量分数（0.25%、0.5%及1%）掺入冷压制备的AAMs材料中，随后对材料的抗压强度、孔隙率及吸水率等力学与物理性能进行测试评估，并采用X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM）以及能量色散X射线光谱法（Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, EDX）开展微观结构分析。所合成的CuO纳米颗粒结晶度高，仅含少量无定形成分，粒径分布狭窄，平均粒径为78 nm。与对照组相比，掺入0.5%的CuO纳米颗粒可获得最优性能：其抗压强度（UCS）提升37.3%，孔隙率与吸水率分别降低0.75%和0.4%。微观结构分析结果表明，CuO纳米颗粒可提升基体致密度，并促进碱激发胶凝相的生成。综上，本研究结果证实，石榴（Punica granatum）叶片提取物可有效用于合成稳定性良好的半球形CuO纳米颗粒（粒径小于100 nm）；将其掺入钙质AAMs材料中，可显著改善基体致密度与力学性能。