National Crime Victimization Survey, 1994 [Record-Type Files]

The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) Series, previously called the National Crime Surveys (NCS), has been collecting data on personal and household victimization through an ongoing survey of a nationally-representative sample of residential addresses since 1972. The NCVS was designed with four primary objectives: (1) to develop detailed information about the victims and consequences of crime, (2) to estimate the number and types of crimes not reported to the police, (3) to provide uniform measures of selected types of crimes, and (4) to permit comparisons over time and types of areas. The survey categorizes crimes as "personal" or "property." Personal crimes include rape and sexual attack, robbery, aggravated and simple assault, and purse-snatching/pocket-picking, while property crimes include burglary, theft, and motor vehicle theft. Each respondent is asked a series of screen questions designed to determine whether she or he was victimized during the six-month period preceding the first day of the month of the interview. A "household respondent" is also asked to report on crimes against the household as a whole (e.g., burglary, motor vehicle theft). The data include type of crime, month, time, and location of the crime, relationship between victim and offender, characteristics of the offender, self-protective actions taken by the victim during the incident and results of those actions, consequences of the victimization, type of property lost, whether the crime was reported to police and reasons for reporting or not reporting, and offender use of weapons, drugs, and alcohol. Basic demographic information such as age, race, gender, and income is also collected, to enable analysis of crime by various subpopulations.

全国犯罪受害调查（National Crime Victimization Survey, NCVS）前身为全国犯罪调查（National Crime Surveys, NCS），自1972年起便通过对具有全国代表性的居住地址样本开展持续追踪调查，收集个人与家庭受害相关数据。该调查设定四项核心目标：一是系统梳理犯罪受害者与犯罪后果的详细信息；二是估算未向警方报案的犯罪数量与类型；三是为选定的犯罪类型提供统一测度标准；四是支持不同时期与不同区域间的犯罪情况对比。
该调查将犯罪划分为“人身犯罪”与“财产犯罪”两类。其中人身犯罪涵盖强奸与性侵害、抢劫、加重伤害罪、普通伤害罪以及拎包抢劫/扒窃；财产犯罪则包括入室盗窃、盗窃与机动车盗窃。
每名受访者需回答一系列筛查问题，用于判断其在采访当月首日之前的六个月内是否遭受过犯罪侵害。此外，家庭受访者还需报告针对整个家庭的犯罪（如入室盗窃、机动车盗窃）。
本数据集包含的信息维度包括：犯罪类型、案发月份、案发时间与地点、受害者与施害者的关系、施害者特征、受害者在事件中采取的自我保护措施及其效果、受害后果、被盗财产类型、是否向警方报案及报案或不报案的原因，以及施害者使用武器、毒品与酒精的情况。同时，数据集还收集年龄、种族、性别与收入等基础人口统计学信息，以便开展不同亚群体的犯罪相关分析。