Oxidative stress.

Parabens are being used as preservatives due to their antifungal and antimicrobial effects. They are emerging as aquatic pollutants due to their excessive use in many products. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxic effect of ethyl paraben (C9H10O3) on the hematobiochemical, histological, oxidative, and anti-oxidant enzymatic and non-enzymatic activity; the study also evaluates the potential of ethyl paraben to cause genotoxicity in Rohu Labeo rohita. A number of 15 fish with an average weight of 35.45±1.34g were placed in each group and exposed to ethyl paraben for 21 days. Three different concentrations of ethyl paraben, i.e., T1 (2000μg/L), T2 (4000 μg/L), andT3 (6000 μg/L) on which fish were exposed as compared to the control T0 (0.00 μg/L). Blood was used for hematobiochemical and comet assay. Gills, kidneys, and liver were removed for histological alterations. The results showed a significant rise in all hemato-biochemical parameters such as RBCs, WBCs, PLT count, blood sugar, albumin, globulin, and cholesterol. An increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels directed the hepatocytic damage. Histological alterations in the liver, gills and kidneys of fish were found. Ethylparaben induces oxidative stress by suppressing antioxidant enzyme activity such as SOD, GSH, CAT and POD. Based on the comet assay, DNA damage was also observed in blood cells, resulting in genotoxicity. Findings from the present study indicate that ethyl paraben induces hemato-biochemical alterations, tissue damage, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity.

对羟基苯甲酸酯类（Parabens）因兼具抗真菌与抗菌活性，常被用作防腐剂。由于其在各类产品中的过量使用，该类物质正逐渐成为水生污染物。本研究旨在探究对羟基苯甲酸乙酯（Ethyl Paraben，分子式C9H10O3）对露斯塔野鲮（Rohu Labeo rohita）血液生化、组织学、氧化应激及抗氧化酶与非酶抗氧化活性的毒性效应，同时评估其诱发该鱼种遗传毒性的潜力。每组设置15尾平均体重为35.45±1.34g的试验鱼，暴露于对羟基苯甲酸乙酯环境中为期21天。试验设置3种不同浓度的对羟基苯甲酸乙酯暴露组：T1（2000μg/L）、T2（4000μg/L）与T3（6000μg/L），并以T0（0.00μg/L）作为空白对照组。采集血液样本用于血液生化检测与彗星试验（comet assay）；采集鳃、肾脏与肝脏组织，用于观察组织学形态变化。结果显示，所有血液生化指标均显著升高，包括红细胞计数、白细胞计数、血小板计数、血糖、白蛋白、球蛋白与胆固醇水平。天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）与丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）水平升高，表明受试鱼出现肝细胞损伤。试验鱼的肝脏、鳃与肾脏组织均出现组织学形态异常。对羟基苯甲酸乙酯可通过抑制超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）与过氧化物酶（POD）等抗氧化酶活性，诱发氧化应激。彗星试验（comet assay）结果显示，受试鱼血细胞出现DNA损伤，进而引发遗传毒性。本研究结果表明，对羟基苯甲酸乙酯可导致受试鱼出现血液生化异常、组织损伤、氧化应激与遗传毒性。