Data from: Phenotypic plasticity in visual opsin gene expression: a meta-analysis in teleost fish

1. Phenotypic plasticity in visual opsin gene expression enables teleost fish to adjust their spectral sensitivity in response to environmental variability, yet the magnitude and drivers of this plasticity remain unresolved. 2. We conducted a meta-analysis of 573 effect sizes from 36 studies to assess the prevalence and strength of opsin gene expression plasticity across teleost fishes, considering stimulus type (internal vs. external) and timing of exposure (acute vs. developmental). 3. Opsin gene expression plasticity was widespread and generally strong, with internal stimuli (e.g., hormonal changes) eliciting larger and more consistent responses than external stimuli (e.g., light conditions), particularly in the red-sensitive lws and UV-sensitive sws1 opsin genes. 4. Phylogenetic analysis revealed no significant evolutionary constraints on opsin plasticity, suggesting that the capacity for visual system modulation is broadly distributed across teleost lineages. 5. Our findings highlight the need for future studies to integrate behavioral and ecological data to evaluate the adaptive significance of opsin plasticity and its role in shaping visual performance under changing environmental conditions.1. 视觉视蛋白基因表达的表型可塑性（phenotypic plasticity）可使硬骨鱼（teleost fish）根据环境变异调整自身光谱敏感性，但该可塑性的强度与驱动机制仍未明确。 2. 本研究针对来自36项研究的573个效应量（effect sizes）开展元分析（meta-analysis），在纳入刺激类型（内部vs外部）与暴露时序（急性vs发育性）两类变量的基础上，评估硬骨鱼视蛋白基因表达可塑性的普遍性与强度。 3. 视蛋白基因表达可塑性普遍存在且整体强度较高，其中内部刺激（如激素变化）引发的响应较外部刺激（如光照条件）更强且更一致，这一特征在红敏感型 lws 视蛋白基因与紫外敏感型 sws1 视蛋白基因中尤为突出。 4. 系统发育分析（phylogenetic analysis）结果显示，视蛋白可塑性未受到显著进化约束（evolutionary constraints），表明视觉系统的调控能力广泛分布于各类硬骨鱼支系之中。 5. 本研究结果凸显了未来研究需整合行为学与生态学数据，以评估视蛋白可塑性的适应意义（adaptive significance），以及其在多变环境中对视觉性能塑造的作用。