Britain Breathing 2016-2019 Air Quality and Meteorological Regional Estimates Dataset

This data set is a collection of estimated daily mean and maximum values for a range of air quality and meterological measurements and model forecasts for UK postcode districts (e.g. 'AB') for the years 2016-2019, inclusive. The data uses a diffusion method to estimate the measurement for all regions, as follows. If measurements exist within the region, the mean of those measurements is used, if not, then a ring of neighbouring postcode regions are selected, and the mean of their measurement values used. If no measurement sites/data are found in the first ring, the process continues, taking the next ring of postcode district regions, working outwards until one or more sensors are found in a ring. As well as the measurement estimations, the number of rings required to find site data and make the estimations is also published.<br> <br> The meteorological, pollen and air quality measurement data used to make the regional estimations can be found at this Zenodo archive. The data there contains Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Pressure data, downloaded from the Met Office MIDAS archives via the MEDMI server (https://www.data-mashup.org.uk/). Also downloaded from the MEDMI server are daily pollen measurements for the UK. PM10, PM2.5, NO2, NOx (as NO2), O3, and SO2 measurements from the DEFRA AURN network, and also model forecasts of the same made using the EMEP model. The code used to make the estimations is available in this repository: https://github.com/UoMResearchIT/region_estimators The dataset is presented in CSV format, as two files: turing_regional_estimates_aq_daily_met_pollen_pollution_original_data.csv: uses original site data (timestamp, region_id, ...[measurement name, extra_rings]) ('extra_rings' is the number of rings required to make the estimation) postcode_district_data.csv: location metadata (region_id, geometry, description, Population, Nearest Postcode Areas, Country) Please note that we will soon be adding a regional estimates file (similar to 1 above) but run on the imputed data.本数据集为2016至2019年（含首尾年份）英国邮编分区（例如“AB”）的一系列空气质量、气象观测估算日均值与日最大值，以及相关模型预报数据。本数据集采用扩散法对所有区域的观测值进行估算，具体流程如下：若区域内存在观测数据，则直接使用该区域内观测值的均值；若区域内无观测数据，则选取相邻邮编分区构成的环域，使用其观测值的均值进行估算。若首轮环域未找到观测站点或数据，则继续向外扩展选取下一级环域的邮编分区，直至某一环域内找到至少一个传感器站点。除观测估算值外，本次发布的数据集还包含完成估算所需的环域层数。 用于生成区域估算值的气象、花粉与空气质量观测数据可于该Zenodo存档（Zenodo）中获取。其中，气温、相对湿度与气压数据源自Met Office MIDAS存档（Met Office MIDAS），并通过MEDMI服务器（MEDMI，https://www.data-mashup.org.uk/）下载；英国每日花粉观测数据同样通过MEDMI服务器下载。空气质量观测数据包含来自DEFRA AURN网络（DEFRA AURN）的PM10、PM2.5、NO2、NOx（以NO2计）、O3及SO2浓度数据，以及使用EMEP模型（EMEP）生成的对应预报数据。用于生成估算值的代码已公开于该仓库：https://github.com/UoMResearchIT/region_estimators。 本数据集以逗号分隔值（CSV）格式存储，包含两个文件： 1. `turing_regional_estimates_aq_daily_met_pollen_pollution_original_data.csv`：采用原始站点数据生成的估算文件，字段包含时间戳、区域ID、[观测指标名称、额外环层数]（其中“extra_rings”即生成估算值所需的环域层数） 2. `postcode_district_data.csv`：包含位置元数据，字段涵盖区域ID、几何信息、描述文本、人口数据、邻近邮编区域及所属国家。 请注意，我们即将新增一份基于插补数据生成的区域估算文件（与上述第一份文件格式类似）。