Fragment from the Tell Halaf frieze

Situated on the headwaters of the river Habur in north-eastern Syria, Tell Halaf was excavated between 1911 and 1921 by a German expedition under the direction of Baron Max von Oppenheim. Large areas of the Iron Age city (ca 1200-900 B.C) were revealed. Ruled by an Aramaean family, the city, known as Guzana (Old Testament, Gozan), reached its peak of prosperity around the middle of the tenth century B.C under king Kapara. The base of the south wall of Kapara's palace was lined with series of 187 reliefs carved in black basalt alternating with red-ochre tinted limestone. Although Tell Halaf was occupied in later periods, it ceased to be an important city after the fall of the dynasty of Kapara.坐落于叙利亚东北部哈布尔河（Habur）上游流域的泰勒哈法（Tell Halaf），于1911年至1921年间由以马克斯·冯·奥本海姆男爵为领队的德国考察队开展发掘工作。该铁器时代（约公元前1200-前900年）城邦的大片区域得以揭露。这座由阿拉姆家族统治的城邦又名古扎纳（Guzana，《旧约》中记作戈赞Gozan），在公元前10世纪中叶的卡帕拉（Kapara）国王统治时期达到繁荣顶峰。卡帕拉王宫南墙的基座，排列着187组由黑色玄武岩与红赭石染色石灰岩交替雕刻而成的浮雕。尽管泰勒哈法在后世仍有人类活动痕迹，但随着卡帕拉王朝覆灭，它便不再作为重要城邦存续。