Dialects and Usage Patterns of Weddell Seal 'Leptonychotes weddelli' Underwater Vocalisations

Underwater recordings of vocalisations of Weddell seals were obtained at 8 locations within the Vestfold Hills (7) and Larsemann Hills (1). The recordings were made near groups of seals on the ice during the mid to late part of the breeding season. Recordings were obtained using a variety of hydrophones and both Sony Digital Audio Tape (130 during 1992 season) and standard analogue cassette (60 during 1991 season) formats. Over 11,000 vocalizations were analyzed. The calls were classified into 12 major call types (Pahl et al. 1997 Australian Journal of Zoology 45:171-187). The underwater repertoire is different than that of the seals at McMurdo Sound or the Palmer Penninsula (Thomas et al. 1988 Hydrobiologica 165:279-284). The Weddell seals at the Vestfold Hills do not exhibit the between-fjord vocal differences reported by Morrice et al. (1994 Polar Biology 14:441-446). The relative usage of each call type did not vary between the earlier and later recordings (Pahl et al. 1996 Australian Journal of Zoology 44:75-79). The recordings are currently being used to support other studies on Weddell seal vocalizations.Legend for ASAC_556.csv - csv text format.The following legend describes the 39 variables in this file. The codes for some of the variables are presented in the 1997 publication:Pahl, B.C., Terhune, J.M., and Burton, H.R. 1997. Repertoire and geographic variation in underwater vocalisations of Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii, Pinnipedia: Phocidae) at the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica. Australian Journal of Zoology 45: 171-187.The fields in this dataset are:VariableSubject or code1LOCATION; recording location; see AJZ article, Figure 12DATE; reference day, (date of day 1 has been lost)3YEAR; 1 = 1991, 2 = 19924CASSETTE; cassette number, identifies individual recordings5CALNO; call number, case numbers of each call, sequential6CTYPE; call type, provisional call type, subjective initial classification (see below)7NOELM; number of elements (discrete sounds) in the call8EL_NO; element within that call relating to next 12 variables, for variable 8, only data from the first element is used9WVFRM; waveform of element, see AJZ article for codes10CLSHP; call shape, see AJZ article, Figure 2 for codes11E_D; duration of the first element (seconds)12IND1; duration of the interval between the end of the first element and the start of the second element (seconds)13CALLD; total duration of the call (all elements; seconds)14INCD; duration between sequential calls (seconds)15O_LAP; overlap, is call overlapped by another call? 0 = no, 1 = yes16S2STM; unknown measure17SFREQ; frequency at start of first element (Hz)18EFREQ; frequency at end of first element (Hz)19HFREQ; highest frequency of first element (Hz)20LFREQ; lowest frequency of first element (Hz)21E_NO; element number, half way through the call. Data for the next 9 variables relate to this element, applies only to multiple element calls22CLSHP; call shape of the middle element, same code as variable 1023WVFRM: waveform of the middle element, same code as variable 924E_D; duration of the middle element (seconds)25IND1; duration of the inter-element interval before the middle element26IND2; duration of the inter-element interval after the middle element27SFREQ; frequency at start of the middle element (Hz)28EFREQ; frequency at end of middle element (Hz)29HFREQ; highest frequency of middle element (Hz)30LFREQ; lowest frequency of middle element (Hz)31E_NO; element number of the last element of the call. Data for the next 8 variables relate to this element, applies only to multiple element calls32CLSHP; call shape of the last element, same code as variable 1033WVFRM: waveform of the last element, same code as variable 934E_D; duration of the last element (seconds)35IND2; duration of the inter-element interval before the last element36SFREQ; frequency at start of the last element (Hz)37EFREQ; frequency at end of last element (Hz)38HFREQ; highest frequency of last element (Hz)39LFREQ; lowest frequency of last element (Hz)Codes for call types (variable 6).The provisional call types were amalgamated into 50 call types that were arbitrarily numbered from 201 to 250. These were subsequently classified into 13 broad categories (Pahl et al. 1997). The amalgamation of the provisional call types of variable 6 into the 50 call types presented in Pahl et al. (1997) is as follows:Call TypeProvisional Call Types (variable 6)2011 7, 24, 36, 72, 31, 40, 73, 77, 107, 110, 31, 1362023, 46, 54, 128, 33, 13, 140, 10, 25, 9, 139, 88, 46, 27, 126, 67, 91, 27,126, 1352035920411320514, 48, 69, 64, 49, 19, 92, 43, 75, 127, 99206122, 1242072, 41, 58, 9320847, 13820962, 13221010221111521221, 23, 45, 3521368, 80, 84214114215421611821752, 782185, 6, 1121910422017, 22, 65, 97, 32, 262212822283, 100, 101, 111, 10522329, 30, 42, 51, 44, 94, 95224872251222682227822818, 20, 57, 108229109, 11923034, 70, 130, 53, 1212316323298, 120233892349023556, 11723671, 10623785238103239742409624176, 123, 13324281, 8624315244112245382467924739, 127, 129, 55, 6024816, 37, 5024911625066For additional information or clarification, please contact Dr. J. Terhune, Dept. of Biology, University of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 5050, Saint John, NB, Canada E2L 4L5, [e-mail] or [phone].See the link below for public details on this project.

本数据集包含南极韦斯特福尔丘陵区（Vestfold Hills，7个采样点）与拉瑟曼丘陵区（Larsemann Hills，1个采样点）共8个点位的威德尔海豹（Weddell seal）水下发声录音。录音采集于繁殖季中晚期的冰面海豹群附近，采用多款水听器（hydrophone）进行采集，存储格式包括索尼数字音频磁带（Sony Digital Audio Tape, DAT，1992年季共130盘）与标准模拟磁带（standard analogue cassette，1991年季共60盘）。本次研究共分析超过11000次海豹发声，其鸣叫声被划分为12个主要呼叫类型（Pahl et al. 1997, *Australian Journal of Zoology* 45:171-187）。
该种群的水下声谱与麦克默多湾（McMurdo Sound）及帕尔默半岛（Palmer Peninsula）的威德尔海豹存在差异（Thomas et al. 1988, *Hydrobiologica* 165:279-284）；且韦斯特福尔丘陵区的威德尔海豹并未出现Morrice等人（1994, *Polar Biology* 14:441-446）所报道的峡湾间发声差异。不同时期的录音中，各呼叫类型的相对使用频率并无显著变化（Pahl et al. 1996, *Australian Journal of Zoology* 44:75-79）。目前本录音数据集已被用于多项威德尔海豹发声相关研究。
### ASAC_556.csv文件说明（CSV文本格式）
下述说明涵盖本文件中的39个变量，部分变量的编码规则详见1997年发表的文献：Pahl, B.C., Terhune, J.M. & Burton, H.R. 1997. *Repertoire and geographic variation in underwater vocalisations of Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii, Pinnipedia: Phocidae) at the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica*. *Australian Journal of Zoology* 45:171-187。
1. LOCATION：采样位置，详见上述《澳大利亚动物学杂志》刊载的文章图12
2. DATE：参考日期（第1天的具体日期已遗失）
3. YEAR：年份编码（1代表1991年，2代表1992年）
4. CASSETTE：磁带编号，用于标识单次独立录音
5. CALNO：呼叫编号，单次录音内各呼叫的顺序编号
6. CTYPE：呼叫类型，暂定呼叫类型，为初始主观分类（详见下文）
7. NOELM：单次呼叫内的元素（离散声音）数量
8. EL_NO：对应后续12个变量的当前元素编号，本数据集仅使用首个元素的相关数据
9. WVFRM：元素波形，编码规则详见上述《澳大利亚动物学杂志》刊载的文章
10. CLSHP：呼叫波形，编码规则详见上述文章的图2
11. E_D：首个元素的持续时长（单位：秒）
12. IND1：首个元素结束至第二个元素开始的间隔时长（单位：秒）
13. CALLD：单次呼叫的总持续时长（包含所有元素，单位：秒）
14. INCD：连续两次呼叫之间的间隔时长（单位：秒）
15. O_LAP：重叠标记，是否存在其他呼叫重叠本呼叫？0=否，1=是
16. S2STM：未知测量项
17. SFREQ：首个元素的起始频率（单位：赫兹，Hz）
18. EFREQ：首个元素的结束频率（单位：赫兹，Hz）
19. HFREQ：首个元素的最高频率（单位：赫兹，Hz）
20. LFREQ：首个元素的最低频率（单位：赫兹，Hz）
21. E_NO：呼叫中间位置的元素编号，后续9个变量均对应该元素，仅适用于包含多个元素的呼叫
22. CLSHP：中间元素的呼叫波形，编码规则与变量10一致
23. WVFRM：中间元素的波形，编码规则与变量9一致
24. E_D：中间元素的持续时长（单位：秒）
25. IND1：中间元素前的元素间间隔时长（单位：秒）
26. IND2：中间元素后的元素间间隔时长（单位：秒）
27. SFREQ：中间元素的起始频率（单位：赫兹，Hz）
28. EFREQ：中间元素的结束频率（单位：赫兹，Hz）
29. HFREQ：中间元素的最高频率（单位：赫兹，Hz）
30. LFREQ：中间元素的最低频率（单位：赫兹，Hz）
31. E_NO：呼叫最后一个元素的编号，后续8个变量均对应该元素，仅适用于包含多个元素的呼叫
32. CLSHP：最后一个元素的呼叫波形，编码规则与变量10一致
33. WVFRM：最后一个元素的波形，编码规则与变量9一致
34. E_D：最后一个元素的持续时长（单位：秒）
35. IND2：最后一个元素前的元素间间隔时长（单位：秒）
36. SFREQ：最后一个元素的起始频率（单位：赫兹，Hz）
37. EFREQ：最后一个元素的结束频率（单位：赫兹，Hz）
38. HFREQ：最后一个元素的最高频率（单位：赫兹，Hz）
39. LFREQ：最后一个元素的最低频率（单位：赫兹，Hz）
#### 呼叫类型编码（变量6）
暂定呼叫类型被合并为50个正式呼叫类型，编号范围为201至250，后续这些类型被划分为13个大类（Pahl et al. 1997）。将变量6中的暂定呼叫类型合并为Pahl等人（1997）提出的50种正式呼叫类型的对应关系如下：
201: 1, 7, 24, 36, 72, 31, 40, 73, 77, 107, 110, 31, 136
202: 3, 46, 54, 128, 33, 13, 140, 10, 25, 9, 139, 88, 46, 27, 126, 67, 91, 27, 126, 135
203: 59
204: 113
205: 14, 48, 69, 64, 49, 19, 92, 43, 75, 127, 99
206: 122, 124
207: 2, 41, 58, 93
208: 47, 138
209: 62, 132
210: 102
211: 115
212: 21, 23, 45, 35
213: 68, 80, 84
214: 114
215: 4
216: 118
217: 52, 78
218: 5, 6, 11
219: 104
220: 17, 22, 65, 97, 32, 26
221: 28
222: 83, 100, 101, 111, 105
223: 29, 30, 42, 51, 44, 94, 95
224: 87
225: 12
226: 82
227: 82
228: 18, 20, 57, 108
229: 109, 119
230: 34, 70, 130, 53, 121
231: 63
232: 98, 120
233: 89
234: 90
235: 56, 117
236: 71, 106
237: 85
238: 103
239: 74
240: 96
241: 76, 123, 133
242: 81, 86
243: 15
244: 112
245: 38
246: 79
247: 39, 127, 129, 55, 60
248: 16, 37, 50
249: 116
250: 66
如需获取更多信息或补充说明，请联系加拿大新不伦瑞克大学圣约翰分校生物系J. Terhune博士，邮政信箱5050，新不伦瑞克省圣约翰市，邮编E2L 4L5，邮箱：[e-mail]，电话：[phone]。
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