EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTATION WITH VIRGIN OLIVE OIL ON HORMONAL STATUS IN HALF-MARATHON TRAINED AND UNTRAINED RUNNERS

Several studies have investigated the effects of exercise on hormonal status. Several studies have reported that exercise induce alterations in hormone concentrations. This study focuses on the effects associated to the intake of virgin olive oil, rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) on hormonal status in halfmarathon athletes. The contents of tocopherols, phenolic compounds, Pigment, flavonoids, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical test and activity of the oil on hydrogen peroxide were determined. The consequence of the consumption of virgin olive oil on hormonal status was studied in healthy male athletes of ages between 19–22 years. The participants were separated into three groups of ten subjects each and reserved under distinct regimes for 10 weeks as follows: Group 1 untrained runners receiving 20 ml of olive oil, Group 2 halfmarathon runner performing training routines, 5 days a week while receiving 20 ml of olive oil, Group 3 half-marathon runners performing training routines, 5 days a week unsupplemented with virgin olive oil. Blood samples were taken: one day before endurance training programme, after a 10- week endurance training programme, at the end of the training period, two days before the half-marathon race, and 24 hours after the half-marathon race. Plasma was analyzed for testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), cortisol (C) and insulin. The results of this study showed that virgin olive oil of Blanquette variety is characterized by high content of tocopherols, phenolic compounds (25.2 ± 0.07 mg/Kg, 485, 46 ± 1.35 mg/Kg), pigments with 79.34.± 0.92 ppm of Total carotenoids, and a high percentage inhibition of the 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and a percentage of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) inhibition was observed (76.03 ± 0.43% and 86.45±0. 28%, respectively). The consumption of this oil was associated with statistically significant increase of Testosterone in supplemented groups compared with runner of non-supplemented group and sedentary controls. Luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration decreased in runners not supplemented with virgin olive oil compared to group 2 runners and sedentary controls. After a 10-week running training program (before half-marathon race) and immediately after a half-marathon race, cortisol only significantly increased (p<0.001) in runners of group 3; it then demonstrated a tendency toward declining 24 hours after a marathon race. This study found that virgin olive oil supplementation can improve hormonal status in half-marathon athletes.

已有多项研究探讨了运动对激素状态的影响，亦有研究表明运动可引发激素浓度的改变。本研究聚焦于富含单不饱和脂肪酸（monounsaturated fatty acids, MUFA）的初榨橄榄油摄入对半程马拉松运动员激素状态的影响。本研究测定了该橄榄油中生育酚、酚类物质、色素、类黄酮的含量，以及其针对2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH）的自由基清除活性与过氧化氢清除能力。本研究以19至22岁的健康男性运动员为对象，探究初榨橄榄油摄入对其激素状态的影响。受试者被分为三组，每组10名受试者，分别遵循不同的饮食方案干预10周，具体如下：第1组为未接受训练的跑步者，每日摄入20ml橄榄油；第2组为每周进行5天常规训练的半程马拉松运动员，同时每日摄入20ml橄榄油；第3组为每周进行5天常规训练的半程马拉松运动员，但不补充初榨橄榄油。分别在以下五个时间点采集血液样本：耐力训练计划开始前1天、10周耐力训练计划结束时、训练周期结束时、半程马拉松比赛前2天，以及半程马拉松比赛结束后24小时。对血浆中的睾酮（testosterone, T）、黄体生成素（luteinizing hormone, LH）、卵泡刺激素（Follicle Stimulating Hormone, FSH）、皮质醇（cortisol, C）及胰岛素进行检测分析。本研究结果显示，布兰凯（Blanquette）品种的初榨橄榄油具有高生育酚、酚类物质含量（分别为25.2±0.07 mg/Kg、485.46±1.35 mg/Kg），总类胡萝卜素含量达79.34±0.92 ppm，同时对2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）自由基具有较高清除抑制率，对过氧化氢（H₂O₂）的清除抑制率分别为76.03±0.43%与86.45±0.28%。与未补充橄榄油的跑步者及久坐对照组相比，补充该橄榄油的组别其睾酮水平出现了具有统计学意义的升高。与第2组运动员及久坐对照组相比，未补充初榨橄榄油的跑步者其黄体生成素（LH）浓度出现下降。在10周跑步训练计划结束时（半程马拉松比赛前）及半程马拉松比赛刚结束时，第3组跑步者的皮质醇水平仅出现显著升高（p<0.001）；而在半程马拉松比赛结束后24小时，其皮质醇水平呈现下降趋势。本研究表明，补充初榨橄榄油可改善半程马拉松运动员的激素状态。