Effect of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) and soybean (Glycine max) oils in Egyptian lactating buffalo and cow diets on the milk and soft cheese quality

ABSTRACT. Produce and compare soft cheese with potential benefits of human health from Egyptian buffalo's and cow's milk was studied. Eight Egyptian lactating buffalos and cows were fed a total mixed ration supplemented with either 0% oil (CD), 2% flaxseed oil (DFO), 2% soybean oil (DSO), or 2% of their mixture (1:1, DFSO) according to a double 4 x 4 Latin Square design. Milk yield was similar between buffalo's diets but was higher in cows fed a DFO, DSO or DFSO resulting in 11.15, 8.21% or 8.97% increases compared with the control diet, respectively. Milk composition was not significantly affected in both buffalos and cows fed diets. The DFO, DSO or DFSO displayed decreased short-chain fatty acids, especially DSO and DFSO (3.73 and 3.33%, respectively) when compared to CD for buffalo milk (6.32%). The DSO and DFSO were more effective for increasing unsaturated fatty acids followed by the DFSO in buffalo's milk fat (42.31 and 41.90 %), whereas DFO and DFSO were more effective in cow's milk fat (39.67 and 39.84%), respectively. DFO, DSO or DFSO had no significant effect on the yield, composition and sensory properties of resultant soft cheese compared to the CD for both lactating cows and buffalos. During storage, a diet rich in unsaturated fatty acids enhances protein proteolysis and antioxidant activity of soft cheese during storage compared to the CD especially for soft cheese produced from buffalo's milk.

摘要。本研究旨在制备并对比以埃及水牛乳与牛乳为原料、具备潜在人类健康益处的软质奶酪。选取8头泌乳期埃及水牛与奶牛，采用双4×4拉丁方设计开展饲喂试验，日粮为全混合日粮（total mixed ration），分别设置0%油脂对照组（CD，control diet）、2%亚麻籽油组（DFO，flaxseed oil）、2%大豆油组（DSO，soybean oil）以及2%按1:1比例混合的亚麻籽油与大豆油组（DFSO，mixed oil at 1:1 ratio）。水牛各组的泌乳量无显著差异；而饲喂DFO、DSO或DFSO日粮的奶牛泌乳量更高，相较于对照组分别提升11.15%、8.21%与8.97%。饲喂各日粮的水牛与奶牛，其乳成分均未受到显著影响。与对照组（水牛乳中短链脂肪酸占比为6.32%）相比，DFO、DSO与DFSO组水牛乳的短链脂肪酸含量均有所降低，其中DSO组与DFSO组分别降至3.73%与3.33%。在水牛乳脂肪中，DSO与DFSO组提升不饱和脂肪酸的效果更优，DFSO组不饱和脂肪酸占比达41.90%，仅次于DSO组的42.31%；而在牛乳脂肪中，DFO与DFSO组的提升效果更为显著，占比分别为39.67%与39.84%。相较于对照组，DFO、DSO或DFSO日粮对泌乳水牛与奶牛所产软质奶酪的得率、成分与感官特性均无显著影响。在贮藏期间，相较于对照组，富含不饱和脂肪酸的日粮所产软质奶酪（尤以水牛乳制备的奶酪为甚）的蛋白质水解度与抗氧化活性均得到提升。