DATA EXTRACTION TABLE FOR: Effects of progressive resistance training on muscle strength, functional mobility, balance, fatigue and quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Evidence on the effects of progressive resistance training (PRT) in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) remains heterogeneous across physical function and psychosocial outcomes. This study evaluated the effects of PRT on muscle strength, functional mobility, balance, fatigue, and quality of life (QoL) in PwMS. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Trials conducted on adults with clinically confirmed MS (≥18 years) comparing stand-alone PRT with non-PRT controls were included. Results: From 4,907 records, 26 publications (21 trials) were included qualitatively and 23 publications (20 trials) in the meta-analysis (825 participants; EDSS 1–6.5). PRT significantly improved muscle strength compared to non-exercising controls (SMD = 0.76, 95% CI 0.49–1.02; p < 0.00001), with the most consistent effects for isometric strength. Functional mobility was outcome specific: PRT improved Timed Up and Go performance (SMD = −0.60; MD = −1.66 s), and self-reported walking ability (SMD = −1.06), while effects on Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (5STS) and gait speed were non-significant with high heterogeneity. Fatigue was reduced with a large pooled effect (SMD = −0.78; moderate certainty). Evidence for balance and QoL was limited and inconsistent. Conclusion: In ambulatory PwMS, stand-alone PRT is safe and effective for improving muscle strength, self-perceiving walking ability, reducing fatigue and it may improve Timed Up and Go (TUG) performance. Effects on balance, QoL, and objective gait outcomes remain variable, indicating a potential need for multimodal interventions.背景：目前关于渐进抗阻训练（progressive resistance training, PRT）对多发性硬化患者（people with multiple sclerosis, PwMS）的干预效果，在躯体功能与社会心理结局维度仍存在证据异质性。本研究旨在评估渐进抗阻训练对该类患者肌肉力量、功能活动能力、平衡能力、疲劳感及生活质量（quality of life, QoL）的影响。方法：本研究通过PubMed、Scopus及Web of Science三大数据库开展系统评价与Meta分析，纳入经临床确诊的成年多发性硬化（multiple sclerosis, MS）患者（年龄≥18岁）中，对比单纯渐进抗阻训练与非抗阻训练对照组的临床试验。结果：从4907条检索记录中，最终纳入26项研究（共21个试验）进行定性分析，23项研究（共20个试验）纳入Meta分析，总计825名受试者，其扩展残疾状态量表（Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS）评分范围为1~6.5。与非运动对照组相比，渐进抗阻训练可显著提升患者肌肉力量（标准化均数差SMD=0.76，95%置信区间CI：0.49~1.02；p<0.00001），对等长肌力的改善效果最为稳定。功能活动能力的改善存在结局特异性：渐进抗阻训练可提升计时起身行走试验（Timed Up and Go, TUG）表现（SMD=-0.60；均数差MD=-1.66秒），并改善患者自我报告的步行能力（SMD=-1.06）；但对五次坐站试验（Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test, 5STS）及步行速度的改善效果无统计学意义，且存在较高异质性。患者疲劳感可得到显著缓解，合并效应量较大（SMD=-0.78，证据确定性中等）。关于平衡能力与生活质量的相关证据较为有限且结果不一致。结论：在能行走的多发性硬化患者中，单纯渐进抗阻训练安全有效，可显著提升患者肌肉力量、改善自我感知的步行能力并缓解疲劳，同时可能优化计时起身行走试验表现。但该训练方案对平衡能力、生活质量及客观步行指标的改善效果仍存在异质性，提示未来可能需要采用多模态干预手段。