Table_6_Effects of Time-Restricted Feeding on Energy Balance: A Cross-Over Trial in Healthy Subjects.docx

Time-restricted feeding (TRF) has been recently reported as an effective dietary intervention for losing body weight, implying a negative energy balance, without restricting nutrient intake. However, the detailed energy balance alteration caused by TRF remains unclear. This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial using a within-subject cross-over design. Twelve healthy, normal-weighted volunteers (age: 24 ± 2.3 years; BMI: 21.9 ± 1.71 kg/m2; 7 females) were studied under a rigorous control for calorie intakes, physical activities as well as sleep-wake cycle to evaluate the energy balance systematically. Each participant consumed an isocaloric diet within either a 5.5-hour TRF or 11-hour control schedule. All energy intake and excretion were traced and collected and accessed by bomb calorimetry. Energy expenditure and substrates oxidation were monitored in a metabolic chamber. TRF compared with control schedule is associated with a 22.7% increase in fecal energy loss (Δ = 32.25 ± 9.33 Kcal, p = 0.005) and a trend in increasing 14.5% urine energy loss (Δ = 6.67 ± 3.14 Kcal, p = 0.058) without change energy expenditure. In total, a negative energy balance (Δ = -45.95 ± 19.00 Kcal, p = 0.034), which was equal to -2.6% of total energy intake, has been observed during TRF interventions. In the meantime, glycemic profiles, heart rate, respiration rate as well as metabolic flexibility were also improved during TRF intervention. Taken together, our findings unravel the mystery of how TRF regulates energy balance, supporting the use of TRF as an alternative dietary strategy for weight loss.

近期有研究表明，限时进食（Time-restricted feeding, TRF）是一种有效的减重膳食干预方式，可实现能量负平衡且无需限制营养素摄入。然而，限时进食所引发的能量平衡具体变化仍未明确。本研究采用受试者内交叉设计，开展了一项随机对照临床试验。招募12名健康、体重正常的志愿者（年龄：24±2.3岁；体质量指数（Body Mass Index, BMI）：21.9±1.71 kg/m²；女性7名），在严格控制热量摄入、体力活动及睡眠-觉醒周期的条件下，系统评估能量平衡状态。每名受试者均采用等热量膳食，分别接受5.5小时限时进食或11小时对照进食方案。研究人员追踪并收集了所有能量摄入与排泄数据，并通过弹式量热法（bomb calorimetry）进行检测分析。在代谢舱中对能量消耗及底物氧化情况进行监测。与对照进食方案相比，限时进食可使粪便能量损失增加22.7%（Δ=32.25±9.33 kcal，p=0.005），同时使尿液能量损失呈现14.5%的上升趋势（Δ=6.67±3.14 kcal，p=0.058），且能量消耗未发生显著变化。总体而言，限时进食干预期间可观测到能量负平衡状态（Δ=-45.95±19.00 kcal，p=0.034），其数值相当于总能量摄入的-2.6%。与此同时，限时进食干预还可改善血糖谱、心率、呼吸频率及代谢灵活性。综上，本研究揭示了限时进食调控能量平衡的内在机制，支持将限时进食作为一种替代减重膳食策略。