Table_1_Inflammatory biomarker concentrations in dogs with gastric dilatation volvulus with and without 24-h intravenous lidocaine.docx

BackgroundCanine gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV) is characterized by tissue ischemia, reperfusion, and systemic inflammation. Evidence exists that lidocaine exerts anti-inflammatory properties and potentially improves outcome.
Design and settingProspective, randomized observational cohort study in client-owned dogs with GDV.
ObjectiveThe primary objective of the study was the determination of pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarker concentrations in dogs with GDV with and without intravenous (IV) lidocaine therapy. The second objective was the evaluation of side effects of lidocaine.
MethodsOf 35 dogs included in the study, 20 dogs were assigned to receive lidocaine (LIDO) (2 mg/kg initially, followed by a continuous infusion at a rate of 50 μg/kg/min over 24 h) and 15 dogs not to receive lidocaine (NO-LIDO). Plasma concentrations of cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-18, interferon gamma, keratinocyte chemotactic-like, monocyte chemotactic protein, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at admission (prior any therapeutic intervention, T0), immediately after surgery (T1), at 24 h (T24), and at 48 h (T48) post-surgery.
ResultsNo significant differences in concentrations of any cytokines were found between the LIDO- and the NO-LIDO group. Significant lower CRP concentrations (median [range]) were found in dogs with lidocaine compared to dogs without at T24 (97.5 pg/mL [46.3–161.7] vs. 127.9 pg/mL [26.9–182.0]; p = 0.046) and T48 (73.7 pg/mL [18.4–169.4] vs. 116.3 pg/mL [71.4–176.8]; p = 0.002). Dogs receiving lidocaine exhibited significantly impaired mentation, a prolonged period of anorexia, and longer hospitalization compared to dogs without lidocaine.
ConclusionLidocaine administration had no impact on the plasma levels of cytokines during the 48-h study period, but significantly lower CRP concentrations were found at T24 and T48. Lidocaine’s potential side effects require careful decision making regarding its use.

背景：犬胃扩张扭转（Canine gastric dilatation volvulus, GDV）以组织缺血、再灌注及全身炎症反应为特征。现有证据表明利多卡因具有抗炎特性，或可改善患犬预后。
设计与研究场景：本研究为针对罹患GDV的宠物主饲养犬只的前瞻性、随机观察性队列研究。
研究目的：本研究的首要目的为检测接受与未接受静脉（intravenous, IV）利多卡因治疗的GDV患犬体内促炎与抗炎生物标志物的浓度；次要目的为评估利多卡因的不良反应。
研究方法：本研究共纳入35只GDV患犬，其中20只被分配至利多卡因组（LIDO）：初始给药剂量为2mg/kg，随后以50μg/kg/min的速率持续静脉输注24小时；剩余15只为未接受利多卡因治疗的对照组（NO-LIDO）。分别于入院时（任何治疗干预前，T0）、术后即刻（T1）、术后24小时（T24）及术后48小时（T48）采集血样，检测血浆中细胞因子白细胞介素（interleukin, IL）-6、IL-7、IL-8、IL-10、IL-15、IL-18、γ干扰素、角质形成细胞趋化样因子、单核细胞趋化蛋白以及C反应蛋白（C-reactive protein, CRP）的浓度。
研究结果：利多卡因组与对照组间所有细胞因子的浓度均无显著统计学差异。与对照组相比，利多卡因组患犬在T24时点的CRP浓度[中位数（范围）：97.5pg/mL（46.3~161.7）vs 127.9pg/mL（26.9~182.0）；p=0.046]及T48时点的CRP浓度[73.7pg/mL（18.4~169.4）vs 116.3pg/mL（71.4~176.8）；p=0.002]均显著降低。此外，与对照组相比，利多卡因组患犬表现出明显的精神状态受损、厌食时长延长以及住院时间延长。
研究结论：在为期48小时的研究周期内，给予利多卡因对患犬血浆细胞因子水平无显著影响，但可在T24及T48时点显著降低CRP浓度。使用利多卡因存在潜在不良反应，临床应用时需谨慎权衡决策。