Electric bus coordinated charging strategy considering V2G and battery degradation

Dataset used on the paper "Electric bus coordinated charging strategy considering V2G and battery degradation"

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Abstract
The transportation sector decarbonization, contributing to climate change mitigation, drives the accelerated deployment of battery electric buses in urban environments. However, higher upfront costs, charging infrastructure deployment and operational issues are the main obstacles to their massive adoption. This work develops a novel mathematical model to deal with the charging schedule of a fleet of battery electric buses. This approach aims to minimize the charging costs of electric bus fleets considering the ageing of the batteries and the participation in vehicle to grid schemes. We developed a case study using real-world data from a small electric bus fleet of eleven electric buses in a medium-size Portuguese city, presently operating three bus. Further, we developed a sensitivity analysis to observe the possibilities of energy trading with the grid. The results indicate that above a battery replacement cost threshold of 100 €/kWh, it may become economically attractive for public transportation operators to sell back energy to the grid for a given remuneration scheme. Counting battery degradation and energy selling, our study indicates that operation costs could be 38% lower in 2030, for the simulated scenario. Furthermore, the total cost of ownership analysis indicates a cost reduction of 39% in a scenario considering vehicle to grid, in a 12-year time frame. The approach presented in this article provides a tailored tool to assist decision making in the electrification of bus systems to be employed by public transportation operators.

用于论文《考虑车辆到电网（Vehicle to Grid，V2G）与电池衰减的电动巴士协同充电策略》的数据集

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摘要
交通运输领域脱碳有助于减缓气候变化，推动城市环境中纯电动巴士的加速部署。然而，较高的初始购置成本、充电基础设施建设与运营难题，是其大规模推广的主要阻碍。本研究构建了一种全新的数学模型，用于解决纯电动巴士车队的充电调度问题。该方法旨在兼顾电池老化与车网互动参与的前提下，最小化电动巴士车队的充电成本。
我们采用葡萄牙一座中型城市的11台纯电动巴士的真实运营数据开展案例研究，该车队目前运营3条公交线路。此外，我们开展了敏感性分析，以探究与电网开展能源交易的可行性。
研究结果表明，当电池更换成本阈值高于100 €/kWh时，在既定的收益机制下，公共交通运营商向电网反向售电将具备经济吸引力。综合考量电池衰减与售电收益，本研究显示，在模拟场景下，2030年的运营成本可降低38%。此外，全生命周期成本分析显示，在考虑车网互动的场景中，12年时间跨度内的总成本可降低39%。本文提出的方法可为公共交通运营商开展巴士系统电气化决策提供定制化辅助工具。