<i>Moringa stenopetala</i> leaf extract improves the efficacy of doxorubicin in the breast cancer therapy by suppressing the expression of MDR-1, Raf-1, and Top-II

The aim of this work was to explore the bioactive properties of Moringa stenopetala leaves (Baker f.) Cufod. Methanol and ethanol extracts showed the highest antioxidant activity with the lowest IC50 values. MS leaves were found to be a good supplement for K, Fe and Ca. The obtained results indicated that ethanolic leaf extract exhibits growth inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cell line, and induction of apoptosis as well as cell cycle arrest. Also, there was a significant effect on cytotoxicity against a breast cell line when the ethanolic extract was combined with doxorubicin. At the molecular level, changes in gene expression were detected via qPCR. Thirty-two compounds were identified in the ethanolic extract using HPLC ESI-MS/MS and classified into: hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids, fatty acids, and other miscellaneous compounds. Molecular docking predicted that the main component in the ethanolic extract (apigenin-7-O-rutinoside) has multiple inhibitory effects on MDR-1, Raf-1 and Top-II proteins.本研究旨在探究翅果辣木（Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod.）叶片的生物活性特性。甲醇提取物与乙醇提取物展现出最高的抗氧化活性，且具有最低的半数抑制浓度（IC50）值。研究发现，翅果辣木叶片可作为钾（K）、铁（Fe）与钙（Ca）的优质补充来源。所得结果表明，翅果辣木乙醇叶片提取物可抑制人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞株的增殖，同时能够诱导细胞凋亡并引发细胞周期阻滞。此外，当乙醇提取物与阿霉素（doxorubicin）联用时，对乳腺癌细胞株展现出显著的细胞毒性作用。在分子层面，通过实时定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）可检测到基因表达的变化。本研究采用高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱（HPLC ESI-MS/MS）在乙醇提取物中鉴定出32种化合物，可分为四类：羟基肉桂酸类衍生物、黄酮类化合物、脂肪酸类以及其他杂类化合物。分子对接预测显示，乙醇提取物中的主要活性成分芹菜素-7-O-芸香糖苷（apigenin-7-O-rutinoside）对多药耐药蛋白1（MDR-1）、Raf-1蛋白以及拓扑异构酶II（Top-II）均具有多重抑制作用。