Table_1_Proteomic analysis response of rice (Oryza sativa) leaves to ultraviolet-B radiation stress.XLSX

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a human staple food and serves as a model organism for genetic and molecular studies. Few studies have been conducted to determine the effects of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) stress on rice. UV-B stress triggers morphological and physiological changes in plants. However, the underlying mechanisms governing these integrated responses are unknown. In this study, we conducted a proteomic response of rice leaves to UV-B stress using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified the selected proteins by mass spectrometry analysis. Four levels of daily biologically effective UV-B radiation intensities were imposed to determine changes in protein accumulation in response to UV-B stress: 0 (control), 5, 10, and 15 kJ m−2 d−1in two cultivars, i.e., IR6 and REX. To mimic the natural environment, we conducted this experiment in Sunlit Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research (SPAR) chambers. Among the identified proteins, 11% of differentially expressed proteins were found in both cultivars. In the Rex cultivar, only 45% of proteins are differentially expressed, while only 27.5% were expressed in IR6. The results indicate that REX is more affected by UV-B stress than IR6 cultivars. The identified protein TSJT1 (spot 16) in both cultivars plays a crucial role in plant growth and development during stress treatment. Additionally, we found that UV-B stress altered many antioxidant enzymes associated with redox homeostasis and cell defense response. Another enzyme, the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), has been identified as spot 15, which plays an essential role in glycolysis and cellular energy production. Another vital protein identified is glycosyl hydrolase (GH) as spot 9, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in cell wall polymers and significantly affects cell wall architecture. Some identified proteins are related to photosynthesis, protein biosynthesis, signal transduction, and stress response. The findings of our study provide new insights into understanding how rice plants are tailored to UV-B stress via modulating the expression of UV-B responsive proteins, which will help develop superior rice breeds in the future to combat UV-B stress. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD032163.

水稻（Oryza sativa）是人类主食作物，同时也是遗传与分子生物学研究的模式生物。目前针对紫外-B（UV-B）胁迫对水稻影响的相关研究尚少。UV-B胁迫会引发植物的形态与生理变化，但其调控这类综合响应的内在分子机制仍未明确。本研究采用双向凝胶电泳技术，分析水稻叶片对UV-B胁迫的蛋白质组响应，并通过质谱分析对筛选得到的蛋白进行鉴定。实验设置四个日常生物有效UV-B辐射强度梯度，以探究水稻叶片蛋白积累对UV-B胁迫的响应变化，梯度分别为0（对照组）、5、10及15 kJ·m⁻²·d⁻¹，实验采用两个水稻品种：IR6与REX。为模拟自然环境，本实验在光照型土壤-植物-大气研究（Sunlit Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research, SPAR）舱中开展。在鉴定得到的蛋白中，有11%的差异表达蛋白在两个品种中均存在。其中REX品种中仅45%的蛋白呈现差异表达，而IR6品种的差异表达蛋白占比仅为27.5%。上述结果表明，相较于IR6品种，REX品种受UV-B胁迫的影响更为显著。两个品种中均鉴定到的TSJT1蛋白（斑点16）在胁迫处理过程中对植物生长发育发挥关键调控作用。此外，本研究发现UV-B胁迫会改变诸多与氧化还原稳态及细胞防御响应相关的抗氧化酶的表达。本研究还鉴定到斑点15为甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶（glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDH），该酶在糖酵解与细胞能量产生过程中发挥核心功能。另一关键鉴定蛋白为斑点9的糖苷水解酶（glycosyl hydrolase, GH），其可催化细胞壁聚合物中糖苷键的水解，对细胞壁结构构建具有重要影响。其余部分鉴定蛋白则与光合作用、蛋白质生物合成、信号转导及胁迫响应相关。本研究的发现为解析水稻通过调控UV-B响应蛋白的表达以适应UV-B胁迫的机制提供了全新视角，未来可为培育抗UV-B胁迫的优良水稻品种提供理论依据。相关实验数据已上传至ProteomeXchange数据库，编号为PXD032163。