Data_Sheet_1_Octopus Fishing and New Information on Ecology and Fishing of the Shallow-Water Octopus Callistoctopus furvus (Gould, 1852) Based on the Local Ecological Knowledge of Octopus Fishers in the Marine Ecoregions of Brazil.PDF

Studies that compile local ecological knowledge (LEK) on some of the various species of living beings observe biological data and are notably fundamental for effectively managing fisheries, supporting management strategies for protected areas, species conservation, and other factors. In this study, ethnoecological approaches were used to focus on the octopus Callistoctopus furvus (Gould, 1852), recently re-described and re-presented to the academic community more than a century after its discovery. The LEK of octopus fishers from different marine ecoregions of Brazil was compared to identify the distribution limits of the species along the Brazilian coast. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in 16 municipalities across four marine ecoregions located between the states of Ceará (northern limit) and Santa Catarina (southern limit), between March 2018 and August 2019. The results of the 187 interviews indicated a traditionality of fishing among artisanal octopus fishers, who are mostly men, although some are women who also share information on the fishing of C. furvus and hold leadership positions in the fishing colony. Cronbach’s alpha was used to analyze reliability of the form used in the interviews. A logistic regression model with binomial distribution was used to assess whether the probability of capturing the “eastern octopus” was associated with some of the interview variables. A cluster analysis based only on the respondents who caught the “eastern octopus” indicated the formation of groups and revealed greater dissimilarities among the fishers from the southeastern marine ecoregion of Brazil due to the fishing method used in the region. Heat maps showed that most of the information on the species was obtained in the eastern marine ecoregion of Brazil. The occurrence of the “eastern octopus” was recorded in all the studied Brazilian marine ecoregions. Moreover, this study revealed the relevant contribution of fishers’ knowledge to the distribution diagnosis of species with scarce scientific information.

针对多种生物类群汇编当地生态知识（local ecological knowledge, LEK）的相关研究，会收集生物学观测数据，且在渔业高效管理、保护区管理策略支撑、物种保护等诸多领域均具有不可或缺的基础价值。本研究采用民族生态学方法，聚焦于*Callistoctopus furvus*（Gould, 1852）——该物种在被发现一个多世纪后，于近期被重新分类描述并向学术界重新公布。本研究对比了巴西不同海洋生态区的章鱼捕捞从业者所掌握的当地生态知识，以明确该物种在巴西沿海的分布边界。2018年3月至2019年8月期间，研究团队在北起塞阿拉州、南至圣卡塔琳娜州的4个海洋生态区内的16个市镇开展了半结构化访谈。187份访谈结果显示，巴西个体章鱼捕捞从业者的捕捞活动具有传统传承性，该群体以男性为主，但也有部分女性从业者——她们不仅掌握*C. furvus*的捕捞相关知识，还在渔业社群中担任领导职务。本研究采用克朗巴哈α系数（Cronbach's alpha）对访谈问卷的信度进行分析。构建二项分布逻辑回归模型，以评估捕捞“东部蛸（eastern octopus）”的概率是否与部分访谈变量存在关联。仅针对捕捞过“东部蛸”的受访者开展的聚类分析结果显示，群体聚类现象明显，且巴西东南部海洋生态区的捕捞从业者因采用独特的捕捞方式，与其他区域从业者的差异更为显著。热图分析结果表明，该物种的相关信息大多采集自巴西东部海洋生态区。研究记录显示，“东部蛸”在本次研究涉及的所有巴西海洋生态区内均有分布。此外，本研究证实了渔民所掌握的本土知识，对于科学资料匮乏物种的分布范围诊断具有重要价值。