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Ensuring the supply of safe and high-quality drinking water can be compromised by the presence of chironomid larvae in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), which may contaminate municipal water systems through freshwater resources. Chironomids are dominant species known for their resilience to a broad range of extreme aquatic environments. This study aimed to identify the morphological characteristics and obtain genetic information of the chironomid Paratanytarsus grimmii found in the water intake source and freshwater resource of DWTPs in Korea, highlighting the potential possibility of a parthenogenetic chironomid outbreak within DWTP networks. The distribution of chironomid larvae at the water intake source site (DY) of the Danyang DWTP and the freshwater resource (ND) of the Nakdong River was investigated. A total of 180 chironomid individuals, encompassing three subfamilies and six species from six 6 genera were identified at the DY site, with Procladius nigriventris being the dominant species. At the ND site, fifty chironomid individuals, encompassing two subfamilies and six species from six genera, were identified, with Cricotopus sylvestris being the dominant species. The morphological characteristics of the head capsule, mentum, mandible, and antennae of six P. grimmii larvae collected from the DY and ND sites were characterized. DNA barcoding and phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct mitochondrial diversities between the P. grimmii larvae from DY and those from ND. These results provide crucial information for the morphological identification and DNA barcoding of the key management target chironomid P. grimmii larvae, which can be used to detect the occurrence of this chironomid species in DWTPs.

饮用水处理厂（Drinking Water Treatment Plants，简称DWTPs）内出现的摇蚊幼虫（chironomid larvae），可通过淡水资源污染市政供水系统，进而危及安全优质饮用水的稳定供应。摇蚊是一类以对多种极端水生环境具备较强耐受能力而著称的优势物种。本研究旨在对韩国境内饮用水处理厂取水口及淡水资源中发现的短须摇蚊（Paratanytarsus grimmii）开展形态特征鉴定与遗传信息获取工作，以揭示其在饮用水处理厂管网中发生孤雌生殖虫害暴发的潜在风险。研究人员针对丹阳饮用水处理厂取水口点位（DY）及洛东江淡水资源点位（ND）的摇蚊幼虫分布情况展开了调查。在DY点位共鉴定出180头摇蚊个体，隶属于6个属、3个亚科共6个物种，其中黑腹前突摇蚊（Procladius nigriventris）为优势物种；在ND点位则共鉴定出50头摇蚊个体，隶属于6个属、2个亚科共6个物种，其中林间环足摇蚊（Cricotopus sylvestris）为优势物种。本次研究对从DY、ND点位采集到的6头短须摇蚊幼虫的头囊、颏器、上颚及触角等形态特征进行了系统表征。DNA条形码（DNA barcoding）与系统发育分析结果显示，DY点位与ND点位的短须摇蚊幼虫存在显著的线粒体多样性差异。本研究结果可为作为核心防控对象的短须摇蚊幼虫的形态鉴定与DNA条形码分析提供关键依据，进而助力饮用水处理厂内该类摇蚊的发生监测。