Output gap in percent of potential GDP, Percent of potential GDP

Output gaps for advanced economies are calculated as actual GDP less potential GDP as a percent of potential GDP. Estimates of output gaps are subject to a significant margin of uncertainty. For a discussion of approaches to calculating potential output, see Paula R. De Masi, IMF Estimates of Potential Output: Theory and Practice, in Staff Studies for the World Economic Outlook (Washington: IMF, December 1997), pp. 40-46.发达经济体的产出缺口（output gap）以实际国内生产总值（GDP）减去潜在国内生产总值的差值占潜在GDP的百分比形式核算。产出缺口的估算值存在显著的不确定性幅度。关于潜在产出核算方法的详细讨论，可参阅保拉·R·德马西（Paula R. De Masi）的《IMF潜在产出估算：理论与实践》一文，该文收录于《世界经济展望工作人员研究集》（华盛顿：国际货币基金组织（IMF），1997年12月），第40-46页。