Traditional ecological knowledge of fish fauna in quilombolas on the Alto Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Southern Amazonia, Brazil

Abstract The objective of this research was to study the traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) related to fishing among the ethnic group self-identified as quilombola people, and it included analysis of factors influencing the cultural consensus and techniques used in artisanal fishing. Twenty-four men and seven women from the Retiro, Boqueirão, Casalvasco and Manga quilombo communities participated. Sampling methods included snowball, free listing, and participant observation. The results include a list of 47 ethnospecies (46 fish and one reptile). The cultural consensus is composed of: Hoplias malabaricus, Cichla sp., Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum, Astronotus ocellatus, Satanoperca pappaterra, Brycon cephalus, Piaractus mesopotamicus, P. corruscans, Pimelodus sp., Colossoma macropomum, Pygocentrus nattereri, Mylossoma aureum, Astyanax sp., and Leporinus freiderici. While the wealth of knowledge tended to be greater among people who resided temporarily in other Brazilian states, this was not related to the age of the interviewees. The maintenance and transmission of TEK stems from daily contact with fish and the river, from childhood on, as well as observation of group fishing practices. TEK is part of their identity and represents a valuable cultural heritage. Participation by these social actors in decision-making and management plans for protected areas is necessary.

摘要：本研究旨在探究自认定为基隆博（quilombo）社群居民的族群中与渔业相关的传统生态知识（Traditional Ecological Knowledge，TEK），并分析影响其手工渔业文化共识与捕捞技术的相关因素。来自Retiro、Boqueirão、Casalvasco及Manga基隆博社群的24名男性与7名女性参与了本次研究。本研究采用的抽样方法包括滚雪球抽样、自由列表法与参与式观察法。研究结果共收录47个民族物种（ethnospecies），其中46种为鱼类，1种为爬行动物。文化共识物种名录包含以下物种：Hoplias malabaricus、Cichla sp.、Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum、Astronotus ocellatus、Satanoperca pappaterra、Brycon cephalus、Piaractus mesopotamicus、P. corruscans、Pimelodus sp.、Colossoma macropomum、Pygocentrus nattereri、Mylossoma aureum、Astyanax sp. 及Leporinus freiderici。尽管暂居巴西其他州的人群其渔业知识储备往往更为丰富，但受访者的知识丰富程度与其年龄并无关联。传统生态知识（TEK）的维系与传承源于自幼便与鱼类及河流的日常接触，以及对群体捕捞实践的观察。该知识是族群身份认同的重要组成部分，亦是一份珍贵的文化遗产。推动该社群成员参与保护区的决策制定与管理规划工作实属必要。