Teaching public health in Brazil: an integrative review

ABSTRACT The teaching of public health in Brazil contributes to the technical-scientific development of the field, transcending the mere approach of health programs in a fragmented way. Thus, the objective of this study was to understand the operationalization of teaching in public health, in the stricto sensu undergraduate and graduate programs, in Brazil. This is an integrative literature review based on a search in PubMed, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases, and the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (BIREME). Twenty-one articles were analyzed by title, author, year, characterization and/or objective, methodology, and main results. It is concluded that the institutionalization of graduate courses in the field of public health followed the educational movement of the university and the Brazilian Health Reform, while undergraduate courses only took place in the last decade. The 1988 constitutional framework defines the ordering of human resources for professional training in and for the country’s health system.摘要 巴西公共卫生教学有助于该领域的技术与科学发展，超越了仅以碎片化方式探讨卫生项目的局限。据此，本研究旨在探析巴西严格意义上（stricto sensu）本科与研究生阶段公共卫生教学的运作化路径。本研究为整合性文献综述，检索了PubMed、SCOPUS、PsycINFO、拉丁美洲与加勒比卫生科学数据库（Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences，LILACS）、在线科学电子图书馆（Scientific Electronic Library Online，SciELO）以及拉丁美洲与加勒比卫生科学信息中心（Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information，BIREME）的相关文献。最终纳入21篇文献，从标题、作者、发表年份、研究特征与/或研究目的、研究方法以及主要研究结果等维度进行分析。研究结论显示，公共卫生研究生课程的制度化进程契合了巴西大学教育改革与巴西卫生改革的发展脉络，而本科阶段的公共卫生课程则仅在近十年才得以开设。1988年巴西宪法框架为该国卫生系统的专业人才培养以及卫生系统人力资源配置确立了规范秩序。