Research on Last-Mile Crowdshipping: Identification of Barriers and Enablers Impacting Wilingness-To-Work as a crowdshipper Across Diverse Groups and Countries

Last-mile crowdshipping or crowdsourcing refers to using a crowd of individuals to perform the last-mile distribution. This delivery model has gained attention due to its many advantages. However, it also poses some challenges, and one of the greatest is providing a critical mass of crowdshippers (deliverers). This research focuses on last-mile crowdshippers, examining the impact of previously unexplored barriers on their Willingness-To-Work (WTW). Drawing from a comprehensive review of the literature on crowdshipper preferences and practical implementation challenges of crowdshipping, an extensive list of barriers was compiled. Then, the significance of these barriers on the WTW of two key crowdshipper groups (employees and students) was analysed through surveys conducted in the Czech Republic, Slovenia, and Ukraine and the fuzzy ranking method was applied. This method was also used to assess the influence of respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics on their perception of the importance of individual barriers on WTW as a crowdshipper. The research aims to identify significant barriers hindering the likelihood of individuals becoming last-mile crowdshippers in each country and assess potential differences or similarities among these factors across the selected countries and countries included in past research. These insights are beneficial for individual package providers and contribute to developing efficient crowdshipper targeting, retention business models, and management strategies.末端众包配送（Last-mile crowdshipping / crowdsourcing）指依托大众个体群体完成最后一英里配送工作。该配送模式凭借诸多优势受到广泛关注，但同时也面临诸多挑战，其中最突出的难题之一便是如何获取足量的众包配送员（crowdshippers，配送人员）。本研究聚焦末端众包配送员群体，探究此前未被充分探讨的各类阻碍因素对其工作意愿（Willingness-To-Work，WTW）的影响。研究团队通过全面梳理关于众包配送员偏好及众包配送实际落地挑战的相关文献，整理出一份涵盖各类阻碍因素的详尽清单。随后，研究团队针对捷克、斯洛文尼亚及乌克兰三地开展调研，并运用模糊排序法，分析了上述阻碍因素对两类核心众包配送员群体——在职员工与在校学生工作意愿的影响程度。此外，该方法还被用于评估受访者的社会人口学特征对其认知各项阻碍因素在众包配送员工作意愿中的重要性所产生的影响。本研究旨在识别阻碍个体成为末端众包配送员的关键因素，并对比分析本次调研覆盖三国与过往研究涉及国家之间，此类影响因素的异同之处。本研究结论可为个体快递服务商提供参考，助力其构建高效的众包配送员精准招募、留存商业模式及管理策略。