BICEP / NCEO: Monthly global Phytoplankton Carbon, between 1998-2020 at 9 km resolution (derived from the Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative v5.0 dataset)

This dataset contains monthly global carbon products for pico-, nano- and microphytoplankton (C_picophyto, C_nanophyto and C_microphyto, respectively, in mg C m-3) and the total phytoplankton community (C_phyto in mg C m-3) for the period of 1998 to 2020 at 9 km spatial resolution. A spectrally-resolved photoacclimation model was unified with a primary production model that simulated photosynthesis as a function of irradiance using a two-parameter photosynthesis versus irradiance (P-I) function to estimate the carbon content of marine phytoplankton based on ocean-colour remote sensing products (Sathyendranath et al. 2020 and references therein for details). The photoacclimation model contains a maximum chlorophyll-to-carbon ratio for three different phytoplankton size classes (pico-, nano- and microphytoplankton) that was inferred from field data, as in Sathyendranath et al. (2020). Chlorophyll-a products were obtained from the European Space Agency (ESA) Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI v5.0 dataset). Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR) products were obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and were corrected for inter-sensor bias in products. Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) was obtained from the French Research Institute for Exploration of the Sea (Ifremer). In situ datasets P-I parameters were incorporated as described in Kulk et al. (2020). The phytoplankton carbon products were generated as part of the ESA Biological Pump and Carbon Exchange Processes (BICEP) project. Support from the Simons Foundation grant ‘Computational Biogeochemical Modeling of Marine Ecosystems’ (CBIOMES, number 549947) and from the National Centre of Earth Observation (NCEO) is acknowledged. Data are provided as netCDF files containing carbon products for pico-, nano- and microphytoplankton (C_picophyto, C_nanophyto and C_microphyto, respectively, in mg C m-3) and the total phytoplankton community (C_phyto in mg C m-3) for the period of 1998 to 2020 at 9 km spatial resolution. Additional variables that were used for the calculation of the phytoplankton carbon products are also provided, including chlorophyll-a (chl_a in mg m-3), photosynthetically activate radiation (par, in µmol photons m-2 d-1), mixed layer depth (mld in m) and the mean spectral nondimensional irradiance (mean_spectral_i_star). References: Sathyendranath, S.; Platt, T.; Kovač, Ž.; Dingle, J.; Jackson, T.; Brewin, R.J.W.; Franks, P.; Marañón, E.; Kulk, G.; Bouman, H.A. Reconciling models of primary production and photoacclimation. Applies Optics, 2020, 59, C100. doi.org/10.1364/AO.386252 Kulk, G.; Platt, T.; Dingle, J.; Jackson, T.; Jönsson, B.F.; Bouman, H.A., Babin, M.; Doblin, M.; Estrada, M.; Figueiras, F.G.; Furuya, K.; González, N.; Gudfinnsson, H.G.; Gudmundsson, K.; Huang, B.; Isada, T.; Kovač, Ž.; Lutz, V.A.; Marañón, E.; Raman, M.; Richardson, K.; Rozema, P.D.; Van de Poll, W.H.; Segura, V.; Tilstone, G.H.; Uitz, J.; van Dongen-Vogels, V.; Yoshikawa, T.; Sathyendranath S. Primary production, an index of climate change in the ocean: Satellite-based estimates over two decades. Remote Sens. 2020, 12,826. doi:10.3390/rs12050826

本数据集包含1998年至2020年间、空间分辨率为9 km的全球逐月浮游植物碳产物，涵盖微微型、纳米级和微型浮游植物（分别记为C_picophyto、C_nanophyto和C_microphyto，单位为mg C m⁻³），以及浮游植物总群落碳含量（C_phyto，单位为mg C m⁻³）。

研究采用光谱分辨光适应模型与初级生产力模型相统一的方法，基于海洋颜色遥感产品，利用双参数光合-辐照度（photosynthesis versus irradiance, P-I）函数模拟光合作用随辐照度的变化，以此估算海洋浮游植物碳含量（详细方法参见Sathyendranath等人2020年的研究及其中引用文献）。

该光适应模型针对三类不同浮游植物粒径分级（微微型、纳米级和微型浮游植物）设置了最大叶绿素-碳比值，其参数由野外实测数据反演得到，方法与Sathyendranath等人（2020）的研究一致。叶绿素-a产品来自欧洲空间局（European Space Agency, ESA）海洋颜色气候变化倡议项目（OC-CCI v5.0数据集）。

光合有效辐射（Photosynthetic Active Radiation, PAR）产品来自美国国家航空航天局（National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA），并对传感器间的系统偏差进行了校正。混合层深度（Mixed Layer Depth, MLD）数据来自法国海洋勘探研究所（Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Ifremer）。原位实测的P-I参数数据集参照Kulk等人（2020）的研究进行了整合。

本浮游植物碳产物是欧洲空间局生物泵与碳交换过程（Biological Pump and Carbon Exchange Processes, BICEP）项目的研究成果。本研究得到了西蒙斯基金会（Simons Foundation）“海洋生态系统计算生物地球化学建模”（CBIOMES，项目编号549947）以及国家地球观测中心（National Centre of Earth Observation, NCEO）的资助，特此致谢。

数据集以netCDF文件格式提供，包含1998年至2020年间、空间分辨率为9 km的微微型、纳米级和微型浮游植物碳产物（C_picophyto、C_nanophyto和C_microphyto，单位均为mg C m⁻³），以及浮游植物总群落碳含量（C_phyto，单位为mg C m⁻³）。

同时还提供了用于计算浮游植物碳产物的辅助变量，包括叶绿素-a（chl_a，单位为mg m⁻³）、光合有效辐射（par，单位为µmol photons m⁻² d⁻¹）、混合层深度（mld，单位为m）以及平均光谱无量纲辐照度（mean_spectral_i_star）。

参考文献：
1. Sathyendranath, S.; Platt, T.; Kovač, Ž.; Dingle, J.; Jackson, T.; Brewin, R.J.W.; Franks, P.; Marañón, E.; Kulk, G.; Bouman, H.A. Reconciling models of primary production and photoacclimation. Applies Optics, 2020, 59, C100. doi.org/10.1364/AO.386252
2. Kulk, G.; Platt, T.; Dingle, J.; Jackson, T.; Jönsson, B.F.; Bouman, H.A.; Babin, M.; Doblin, M.; Estrada, M.; Figueiras, F.G.; Furuya, K.; González, N.; Gudfinnsson, H.G.; Gudmundsson, K.; Huang, B.; Isada, T.; Kovač, Ž.; Lutz, V.A.; Marañón, E.; Raman, M.; Richardson, K.; Rozema, P.D.; Van de Poll, W.H.; Segura, V.; Tilstone, G.H.; Uitz, J.; van Dongen-Vogels, V.; Yoshikawa, T.; Sathyendranath, S. Primary production, an index of climate change in the ocean: Satellite-based estimates over two decades. Remote Sens., 2020, 12, 826. doi:10.3390/rs12050826