Information on sensitive and tolerant genotypes.

The climate has drastically changed over the past two decades. Rising temperatures and climate change may lead to increased evapotranspiration, specifically soil evaporation, causing water to evaporate and salt to accumulate in the soil, resulting in increased soil salinity. As a result, there is a need to evaluate methods for predicting and monitoring the effects of salinity on crop growth and production through rapid screening. Our study was conducted on 20 wheat genotypes, 10 sensitive and 10 tolerant, exposed to two salinity levels (90 and 120 mM NaCl) with the control under greenhouse conditions. Our results revealed significant differences in the genotypes’ response to salinity. Salt stress decreased chlorophyll index in sensitive genotypes but increased chlorophyll a and carotenoids in tolerant genotypes at 90 mM. Salt stress also increased protein, proline, lipoxygenase, and reactive thiobarbituric acid levels in all wheat genotypes. The study suggests that plant photosynthetic efficiency is a reliable, non-destructive biomarker for determining the salt tolerance of wheat genotypes, while other biochemical traits are destructive and time-consuming and therefore not suitable for rapid screening.

近二十年来，气候发生了剧烈变化。气温升高与气候变化可能加剧蒸散作用，尤以土壤蒸发为甚，导致水分蒸发、盐分在土壤中积聚，进而提升土壤盐渍化程度。因此，亟需通过快速筛选手段，评估用于预测与监测盐渍化对作物生长及产量影响的相关方法。本研究以20份小麦基因型材料为对象，其中盐敏感型与耐盐型各10份，在温室条件下设置对照组与两个盐胁迫处理组（90 mM与120 mM氯化钠）。研究结果显示，不同小麦基因型对盐胁迫的响应存在显著差异：在90 mM盐胁迫下，盐敏感型小麦的叶绿素指数下降，而耐盐型小麦的叶绿素a与类胡萝卜素含量则有所提升；此外，盐胁迫会提升所有小麦基因型的蛋白质、脯氨酸、脂氧合酶以及活性硫代巴比妥酸含量。本研究表明，植物光合效率可作为鉴定小麦基因型耐盐性的可靠、无损生物标志物（biomarker）；而其他生化性状均为破坏性检测且耗时较长，因此不适用于快速筛选。