应急管理部发布2022年4月全国自然灾害情况

近日，应急管理部会同工业和信息化部、自然资源部、住房城乡建设部、交通运输部、水利部、农业农村部、卫生健康委、统计局、气象局、银保监会、粮食和储备局、林草局、中国红十字会总会、国铁集团等部门和单位，对2022年4月全国自然灾害情况进行了会商分析。4月份，我国自然灾害以风雹、洪涝、地质灾害、低温冷冻灾害为主，地震、干旱、雪灾、森林草原火灾等也有不同程度发生。各种自然灾害共造成225.4万人次受灾，因灾死亡失踪13人；倒塌房屋400余间，严重损坏房屋1700余间，一般损坏3.1万间；农作物受灾面积250.9千公顷；直接经济损失28亿元。与近5年同期均值相比，受灾人次、因灾死亡失踪人数、倒塌房屋数量和直接经济损失分别下降62%、56%、62%和68%。 4月份全国自然灾害主要特点有： 一、南方多地遭受强对流天气，风雹灾害点多面广 4月份，受冷暖空气共同影响，全国进入强对流天气高发季，南方地区出现两次大范围强对流天气过程，对四川、贵州、云南、江西、福建等省造成较大影响，主要为短时强降雨、雷暴大风、冰雹等。其中，4月11日–15日，四川、云南等省遭受雷暴大风和冰雹，造成雅安、自贡、大理等地经济林果、农业大棚损坏。4月23日–25日，四川、贵州、江西等11省（区、市）自西向东出现大范围强对流天气过程，农林业遭受损失。总体上，风雹灾害造成19省（区、市）289个县（市、区）122万人次受灾，因灾死亡3人，损坏房屋2.5万间，直接经济损失16.3亿元。 二、南方强降雨引发局地洪涝和地质灾害，东北凌汛形势平稳 4月份，全国面降雨量45毫米，总量较常年同期偏多2%。其中，4月13日、4月24日–26日和4月27日–29日，南方地区出现三次区域性移动性暴雨过程。受降雨影响，浙江、广西、广东等11省（区）共有30条中小河流发生超警以上洪水，湖北、河南、广西等13省（区、市）局地发生洪涝灾害，内蒙古和新疆等地还出现融雪性洪涝灾害，共造成54.5万人次受灾，损坏房屋5800余间，直接经济损失6.4亿元。此外，强降雨还在局地引发崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害；4月中旬以来，东北地区黑龙江省境内封冻江河相继开江，凌情平稳，未发生大的险情灾情。 三、中西部地区遭受低温冷冻灾害，未造成较大影响 4月份，我国共出现四次冷空气过程，次数较常年同期偏多，但强度整体偏弱，主要影响中西部地区。其中，3月31日–4月2日冷空气过程造成四川、贵州、云南等地林果作物受冻；4月12日–15日强冷空气过程造成甘肃、陕西、宁夏等地农作物幼苗和果树遭受霜冻。4月27日–29日冷空气过程对华北、黄淮等地带来一定影响。总体上，4月份低温冷冻和雪灾偏轻，造成14省（区、市）46.8万人次受灾，1人因灾死亡，农作物受灾面积36.3千公顷，直接经济损失3.8亿元。 四、西部地区发生两次5级以上地震，无人员伤亡 4月份，我国大陆地区共发生4级以上地震7次，其中5级以上地震2次。4月15日，青海德令哈5.4级地震震中位于海拔4000米以上无人区，未接报灾害损失。4月6日，四川兴文5.1级地震造成7100余人受灾，1900余间房屋损坏，直接经济损失5600余万元。 五、华北、西北、西南局地旱情初显，森林草原火灾起数有所上升 4月份，全国大部地区土壤墒情适宜，年初华南地区旱情基本解除。华北、西北和西南部分地区降雨总量较常年偏少，局地旱情初显并发展，受旱区域主要集中在丘陵、山地等常年老旱区，近期降雨过程对缓解土壤墒情较为有利。此外， 4月份全国共发生森林火灾142起、草原火灾9起，因森林火灾死亡1人。森林草原火灾起数较去年同期有所上升，主要发生在广西、湖南、山东、内蒙古等地。 来源：应急管理部 发布日期：2022-05-17

Recently, the Ministry of Emergency Management (MEM) conducted joint consultation and analysis on the national natural disaster situation in April 2022 together with relevant departments and units including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Natural Resources, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Health Commission, National Bureau of Statistics, China Meteorological Administration, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Red Cross Society of China, and China State Railway Group Co., Ltd.

In April, natural disasters in China were mainly dominated by wind and hail disasters, floods, geological disasters and low-temperature freezing disasters. Earthquakes, droughts, snow disasters and forest and grassland fires also occurred to varying degrees. All kinds of natural disasters caused a total of 2.254 million people to be affected, 13 people dead or missing due to disasters; more than 400 collapsed houses, more than 1,700 severely damaged houses, and 31,000 generally damaged houses; the crop-affected area was 250.9 thousand hectares; the direct economic loss was 2.8 billion yuan. Compared with the average value of the same period in the past five years, the number of affected people, dead and missing people due to disasters, collapsed houses and direct economic losses decreased by 62%, 56%, 62% and 68% respectively.

Main characteristics of national natural disasters in April:
1. Multiple regions in South China suffered severe convective weather, with wind and hail disasters covering wide areas with numerous affected points
In April, affected by the interaction of cold and warm air masses, the country entered a high-incidence season of severe convective weather. Two large-scale severe convective weather processes occurred in South China, which had a relatively large impact on provinces such as Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Jiangxi and Fujian, mainly featuring short-time heavy rainfall, thunderstorm gales and hail. Among them, from April 11 to 15, provinces such as Sichuan and Yunnan suffered thunderstorm gales and hail, causing damage to economic fruit trees and agricultural greenhouses in areas such as Ya'an, Zigong and Dali. From April 23 to 25, a large-scale severe convective weather process occurred from west to east in 11 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) including Sichuan, Guizhou and Jiangxi, causing losses to agriculture and forestry. Overall, wind and hail disasters affected 1.22 million people in 289 counties (cities, districts) across 19 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), caused 3 deaths due to disasters, damaged 25,000 houses, and resulted in a direct economic loss of 1.63 billion yuan.

2. Heavy rainfall in South China triggered localized floods and geological disasters, with stable ice flood situation in Northeast China
In April, the average national rainfall was 45 mm, with a total volume 2% higher than the same period of normal years. Specifically, three regional moving rainstorm processes occurred in South China on April 13, April 24-26 and April 27-29. Affected by the rainfall, 30 small and medium-sized rivers in 11 provinces (autonomous regions) including Zhejiang, Guangxi and Guangdong had water levels exceeding warning levels. Localized flood disasters occurred in 13 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) including Hubei, Henan and Guangxi, and snowmelt-induced floods also occurred in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang. All these disasters caused 545,000 people to be affected, damaged more than 5,800 houses, and resulted in a direct economic loss of 640 million yuan. In addition, heavy rainfall also triggered localized geological disasters such as collapses and landslides. Since mid-April, frozen rivers in Heilongjiang Province of Northeast China have successively experienced ice breakup, with stable ice flood situation and no major dangerous situations or disasters occurred.

3. Low-temperature freezing disasters hit central and western regions, causing relatively minor impacts
In April, a total of four cold air processes occurred in China, which was more than the same period of normal years, but the overall intensity was weak, mainly affecting central and western regions. Among them, the cold air process from March 31 to April 2 caused freezing damage to fruit and forest crops in Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places; the strong cold air process from April 12 to 15 caused frost damage to crop seedlings and fruit trees in Gansu, Shaanxi, Ningxia and other places. The cold air process from April 27 to 29 had a certain impact on North China and the Huanghuai Region. Overall, low-temperature freezing and snow disasters were relatively mild in April, affecting 468,000 people in 14 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), causing 1 death due to disasters, affecting 36.3 thousand hectares of crops, and resulted in a direct economic loss of 380 million yuan.

4. Two earthquakes of magnitude 5.0 or above occurred in the western region, with no casualties
In April, a total of 7 earthquakes of magnitude 4.0 or above occurred in mainland China, including 2 earthquakes of magnitude 5.0 or above. On April 15, the M5.4 earthquake in Delingha, Qinghai, whose epicenter was located in an uninhabited area above 4000 meters above sea level, had no reported disaster losses. On April 6, the M5.1 earthquake in Xingwen, Sichuan affected more than 7,100 people, damaged more than 1,900 houses, and resulted in a direct economic loss of more than 56 million yuan.

5. Localized droughts initially appeared in North China, Northwest China and Southwest China, with an increase in the number of forest and grassland fire incidents
In April, the soil moisture conditions in most parts of the country were appropriate, and the drought in South China was basically relieved at the beginning of the year. The total rainfall in parts of North China, Northwest China and Southwest China was less than the same period of normal years, and localized droughts initially appeared and developed. The drought-affected areas were mainly concentrated in hilly and mountainous perennial drought-prone areas, and recent rainfall processes were relatively beneficial to improving soil moisture conditions. In addition, a total of 142 forest fires and 9 grassland fires occurred across the country in April, with 1 person dying due to forest fires. The number of forest and grassland fire incidents increased compared with the same period last year, mainly occurring in Guangxi, Hunan, Shandong, Inner Mongolia and other places.

Source: Ministry of Emergency Management
Release Date: 2022-05-17