Data_Sheet_2_Biomechanical Response of the Lower Extremity to Running-Induced Acute Fatigue: A Systematic Review.xlsx

Objective: To investigate (i) typical protocols used in research on biomechanical response to running-induced fatigue, (ii) the effect of sport-induced acute fatigue on the biomechanics of running and functional tests, and (iii) the consistency of analyzed parameter trends across different protocols.
Methods: Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed, and IEEE databases were searched using terms identified with the Population, Interest and Context (PiCo) framework. Studies were screened following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and appraised using the methodological index for non-randomized studies MINORS scale. Only experimental studies with at least 10 participants, which evaluated fatigue during and immediately after the fatiguing run were included. Each study was summarized to record information about the protocol and parameter trends. Summary trends were computed for each parameter based on the results found in individual studies.
Results: Of the 68 included studies, most were based on in-lab (77.9%) protocols, endpoint measurements (75%), stationary measurement systems (76.5%), and treadmill environment (54.4%) for running. From the 42 parameters identified in response to acute fatigue, flight time, contact time, knee flexion angle at initial contact, trunk flexion angle, peak tibial acceleration, CoP velocity during balance test showed an increasing behavior and cadence, vertical stiffness, knee extension force during MVC, maximum vertical ground reaction forces, and CMJ height showed a decreasing trend across different fatigue protocols.
Conclusion: This review presents evidence that running-induced acute fatigue influences almost all the included biomechanical parameters, with crucial influence from the exercise intensity and the testing environment. Results indicate an important gap in literature caused by the lack of field studies with continuous measurement during outdoor running activities. To address this gap, we propose recommendations for the use of wearable inertial sensors.

研究目标：本研究旨在探究三方面内容：(i) 跑步诱发疲劳的生物力学响应（Biomechanical response）相关研究中所采用的典型实验范式；(ii) 运动诱发急性疲劳对跑步生物力学与功能测试的影响；(iii) 不同实验范式下分析参数变化趋势的一致性。
研究方法：通过人群、研究对象与研究情境（Population, Interest and Context, PiCo）框架构建检索词，对斯高帕斯（Scopus）、科学网（Web of Science）、PubMed及IEEE数据库进行检索。研究筛选遵循系统评价与Meta分析首选报告条目（Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, PRISMA）指南，并采用非随机研究方法学指数（Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies, MINORS）量表进行方法学质量评价。最终仅纳入至少包含10名受试者、且在疲劳性跑步过程中及结束后即刻评估疲劳状态的实验类研究。对每一项纳入研究进行信息提炼，记录其实验方案与参数变化趋势；基于单篇研究的结果，计算各参数的综合变化趋势。
研究结果：纳入的68项研究中，多数采用实验室环境（77.9%）下的实验范式、终点测量方案（75%）、固定式测量系统（76.5%）以及跑台跑步环境（54.4%）。在本次研究识别出的42项与急性疲劳相关的参数中，腾空时间、触地时间、初始接触时膝关节屈曲角度、躯干屈曲角度、胫骨峰值加速度及平衡测试中的压力中心（Center of Pressure, CoP）移动速度均呈现上升趋势；而步频、垂直刚度、最大随意收缩（Maximum Voluntary Contraction, MVC）时的膝伸肌力、最大垂直地面反作用力及反向跳（Countermovement Jump, CMJ）高度则在不同疲劳实验范式下均呈现下降趋势。
研究结论：本系统评价证实，跑步诱发的急性疲劳会对几乎所有纳入的生物力学参数产生影响，且运动强度与测试环境对该影响存在关键调控作用。研究结果同时显示，当前领域存在一项重要研究空白：缺乏户外跑步过程中连续监测的实地研究。为填补该空白，本研究提出可穿戴惯性传感器的应用建议。