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Cities are commonly recognized as the immediate hinterland of ports and play a crucial role in fostering the sustainable development of ports. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the influence of cities on ports. By employing panel data from 2001 to 2021 for both ports and cities in the Bohai Rim region, this study examines the spatial spillover effect of urban economy on port efficiency using the spatial error model (SEM). The findings show that urban economies have a significant spatial spillover effect on port efficiency, but this effect diminishes across different spatial matrices. In particular, the geographical matrix demonstrates a stronger spatial spillover effect of the urban economy on port efficiency. These research findings help to establish a collaborative mechanism for port-city development and provide useful insights for government management decision-making.

城市通常被视为港口的直接腹地，对推动港口可持续发展发挥着至关重要的作用。因此，亟需探究城市对港口的影响。本研究以环渤海地区港口与城市2001年至2021年的面板数据为基础，借助空间误差模型（spatial error model，SEM）分析城市经济对港口效率的空间溢出效应。研究结果表明，城市经济对港口效率存在显著的空间溢出效应，但该效应会随不同空间权重矩阵的设定而减弱。具体而言，地理空间权重矩阵下的城市经济对港口效率的空间溢出效应更为突出。上述研究结论有助于构建港城协同发展机制，同时可为政府管理决策提供有益参考。