Demographic information and manipulation check.

Inhibition is the key factor of attentional control (AC). Basketball players are typically exposed to noise from the audience or opposing teams while competing. These distractions disrupt the attentional systems, ultimately compromise the athletes’ inhibition ability and directly affect their performance on the court. Hence, effective AC strategies are crucial. Two studies were demonstrated to investigate the effects of noise distractions on attentional control and the moderating effect of self-talk. In Study 1, 36 participants undertook the Stroop task, showing an increased error rate with noise distraction. Thirty-nine national second-level basketball players participated in Study 2, where they engaged in the Antisaccade task under both quiet and noise-distraction conditions, employing different self-talk strategies. Results showed that instructional self-talk reduced the antisaccade error rate in quiet conditions, while motivational self-talk increased the error rate under noise distractions. These findings suggests that noise distraction reduces AC. In competition scenarios, basketball players are required to appropriately implement self-talk strategies to improve AC and prevent potential counterproductive effects.

抑制是注意控制（Attentional Control, AC）的关键要素。篮球运动员在竞技赛事中通常会受到观众或对手产生的噪音干扰。这类干扰会扰乱注意系统，最终削弱运动员的抑制能力，并直接影响其赛场表现。因此，有效的注意控制策略至关重要。本研究开展两项实验，以探究噪音干扰对注意控制的影响，以及自我对话（self-talk）的调节效应。实验1中，36名被试完成斯特鲁普任务（Stroop Task），结果显示噪音干扰条件下其错误率显著升高。实验2招募39名国家二级篮球运动员，让其在安静与噪音干扰两种条件下完成反眼跳任务（Antisaccade Task），并采用不同类型的自我对话策略。结果表明：在安静环境下，指令性自我对话（instructional self-talk）可降低反眼跳任务的错误率；而在噪音干扰条件下，动机性自我对话（motivational self-talk）反而提升了错误率。上述研究结果表明，噪音干扰会削弱注意控制能力。在竞技场景中，篮球运动员需合理运用自我对话策略，以提升注意控制能力，避免产生适得其反的效果。