WAIN dataset: a large dataset of Watershed Attributes over the Indian Subcontinent

We developed one of the most comprehensive datasets of watershed attributes over the Indian Subcontinent (WAIN-dataset). The WAIN dataset includes seven essential watershed characteristics, such as topography, geology and groundwater, soil, Land Use and Land Cover (LULC), climate, streamflow, and human-induced activities. These seven watershed characteristics were developed using various reanalysis, observed, and remote-sensing datasets for 4327 watersheds in the Indian Subcontinent. We estimated more than 50 watershed attributes (static and dynamic) representing the watershed characteristics of each delineated watershed. The WAIN data provides comprehensive information for all 18 major river basins of the Indian Subcontinent for scientific studies and various other applications. Using the WAIN datasets, a large number of studies can be conducted across the Indian subcontinent to address the various unsolved hydrometeorological challenges. Moreover, the WAIN dataset can be used to understand various hydroclimatic processes using artificial intelligence, machine learning, and hydrological modeling, where a large amount of dataset is a prerequisite. Overall, our high-quality dataset is valuable in a number of hydrological and environmental studies and assessments本研究构建了南亚次大陆流域属性领域覆盖最为全面的数据集之一——WAIN数据集（WAIN-dataset）。该数据集涵盖7项核心流域特征，包括地形、地质与地下水、土壤、土地利用与土地覆被（Land Use and Land Cover，简称LULC）、气候、径流以及人类活动扰动。针对南亚次大陆的4327个流域，本研究依托多套再分析、实测与遥感数据集生成了上述7项流域特征。本研究共估算得到50余项涵盖静态与动态属性的流域指标，用以表征每一个划定流域的属性特征。WAIN数据集可为南亚次大陆全部18个主要流域提供完备的基础数据支撑，适用于科学研究及其他各类应用场景。依托该数据集，可在南亚次大陆范围内开展大量研究，以解决尚未攻克的各类水文气象难题。此外，人工智能、机器学习与水文模拟相关研究往往需要大规模数据集作为前提，而WAIN数据集可用于助力解析各类水文气候过程。总体而言，本研究构建的高质量数据集可广泛应用于各类水文与环境研究及评估工作。