Disinfection of Fertile Eggs of Free-Range Poultry with Essential Oils

SUMMARY The effect of the disinfection of fertile eggs of free-range poultry with essential oils from Cymbopogon flexuosus and Lippia rotundifolia was evaluated. The treatments applied to the eggs were (v v-1): 1% essential oil from C. flexuosus (CF), 1% essential oil from L. rotundifolia(LR), 0.1% CF + LR, and 0.1% quaternary ammonia (QA) (positive control). The eggs were incubated for 21 days, the birds from hatched eggs were counted and weighed, and not hatched eggs were opened and examined macroscopically to determine egg fertility, and embryonic death time. The antimicrobial action of the essential oils was determined through quantitative analyses, considering aerobic mesophylls, filamentous fungi, yeasts, and total coliforms. Mortality was high in the treatments, especially in the treatment with essential oil from C. flexuosus. The highest hatchability was found in the treatment with QA. The treatments with singly or combined essential oils were more efficient in decreasing microbial count than QA. The essential oils from C. flexuosus and L. rotundifolia reduced the microbial load of fertile eggs of the free-range poultry evaluated.

摘要 本研究评估了采用扭鞘香茅（Cymbopogon flexuosus）与圆叶过江藤（Lippia rotundifolia）精油对散养家禽可育蛋的消毒效果。本次试验设置的蛋体处理组按体积比配置如下：1%扭鞘香茅精油（CF）、1%圆叶过江藤精油（LR）、0.1% CF与LR复配精油，以及0.1%季铵盐（QA，阳性对照组）。将所有受试蛋孵化21天，随后统计并称量出雏家禽的数量与体重；对未孵化蛋进行剖检，通过肉眼观察确定蛋的受精情况及胚胎死亡时间。通过对需氧嗜温菌、丝状真菌、酵母菌及总大肠菌群的定量分析，测定受试精油的抗菌活性。各处理组的雏禽死亡率均较高，其中扭鞘香茅精油处理组的死亡率尤为突出。季铵盐处理组的孵化率最高。单一或复配使用的精油处理组在降低微生物菌落总数方面均优于季铵盐处理组。本研究所用的扭鞘香茅与圆叶过江藤精油，均可有效降低受试散养家禽可育蛋的微生物负载量。