Hole diameters in pet bottles used for fruit fly capture

Two experiments were conducted during the period from 31 January to 6 March 2012 in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil to determine the efficiency of different hole diameters in PET trap bottles on pests in guava and persimmon orchards. In a randomised block design in a factorial scheme, we assessed the average number adults of Anastrepha fraterculus, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephitidae) and Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) infruits thatemerged in two situations (in the plant and on the soil); we also assessed the number of captured adults in trap bottlesunder two conditions, different hole diameters and different days after placement of the attractive solution. Smaller diameter sizescaptured more A. fraterculus, C. capitata and Z. indianusadults. The 1.0 cm diameter was the most efficient hole size in reducing the adult emergence of Tephritidae to Z. indianus, whereas the smallest diameter hole sizes, 0.6 and 0.8 cm, showed the highest efficiencies in controlling adult emergence in persimmon fruit and guava fruit.

本研究于2012年1月31日至3月6日在巴西南里奥格兰德州圣玛丽亚市开展两项试验，旨在探究聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET，Polyethylene Terephthalate）诱捕瓶的不同孔径对番石榴与柿子果园害虫的防控效果。试验采用析因设计的随机区组设计，分别评估两种情境下果实中羽化出的南美按实蝇（Anastrepha fraterculus）、地中海实蝇（Ceratitis capitata，双翅目：实蝇科）及印度斑翅果蝇（Zaprionus indianus，双翅目：果蝇科）的成虫平均数量，两种情境分别为果实留存于植株上，以及果实脱落至土壤表面；同时评估两种变量条件下诱捕瓶捕获的成虫数量，变量分别为诱捕瓶孔径尺寸，以及诱集溶液放置后的天数。结果显示，孔径更小的诱捕瓶可捕获更多南美按实蝇、地中海实蝇与印度斑翅果蝇成虫。其中，1.0 cm孔径在降低实蝇科昆虫及印度斑翅果蝇的成虫羽化率方面效率最优；而孔径为0.6 cm与0.8 cm的最小孔径诱捕瓶，在控制柿子与番石榴果实的成虫羽化方面展现出最高的防控效率。