Geolocated sea-ice or snow surface elevation point cloud segments from helicopter-borne laser scanner during the MOSAiC expedition flight 20191105_01, version 1

This data set provides high-resolution geolocated point clouds of sea-ice or snow surface elevation for mapping temporal and spatial evolution of sea-ice conditions such as freeboard, roughness, or the size and spatial distributions of surface features. The surface elevation data are referenced to the DTU21 mean sea surface height and are not corrected for sea-ice drift during acquisition. The data were collected using a near-infrared, line-scanning Riegl VQ-580 airborne laser scanner (hdl:10013/sensor.7ebb63c3-dc3b-4f0f-9ca5-f1c6e5462a31 & hdl:10013/sensor.7a931b33-72ca-46d0-b623-156836ac9550) mounted in a helicopter along the MOSAiC drift from the north of the Laptev Sea, across the central Arctic Ocean, and towards the Fram Strait from September 2019 to October 2020. The flights are both small scale, ~5x5 km grid patterns mainly over the central observatory, and large scale, few tens of km away from RV Polarstern, triangle patterns, or transects. The point cloud data are stored in 5-min along-track segments in a custom binary format, for which we provide a python-based parsing tool in awi-als-toolbox (https://github.com/awi-als-toolbox/awi-als-toolbox), together with corresponding metadata json and line-shot quicklook png files. The point cloud data includes as variables: surface elevation (referenced to DTU mean sea surface height), surface reflectance, and echo width. The degraded GPS altitude data >85°N may cause undulations in the along-track surface elevations, which are not corrected for in this data product.

本数据集提供海冰或积雪表面高程的高分辨率地理定位点云数据，用于绘制海冰状态（如干舷、粗糙度，或表面特征的尺寸与空间分布）的时空演化过程。该表面高程数据以DTU21平均海平面高度为参考基准，且未针对数据采集过程中的海冰漂移进行校正。本次数据采集采用搭载于直升机的近红外线扫描Riegl VQ-580机载激光扫描仪（hdl:10013/sensor.7ebb63c3-dc3b-4f0f-9ca5-f1c6e5462a31 与 hdl:10013/sensor.7a931b33-72ca-46d0-b623-156836ac9550），沿MOSAiC北极漂流计划路线，于2019年9月至2020年10月间，从拉普捷夫海北部出发，横跨北极中央海域，向弗拉姆海峡方向完成采集。本次飞行作业涵盖两种尺度：小尺度作业以约5×5公里的网格模式为主，主要覆盖中央观测站区域；大尺度作业则在距离极星号（RV Polarstern）数十公里范围内，采用三角网格模式或断面测线航线。该点云数据以沿轨分段的形式存储，每段时长为5分钟，采用自定义二进制格式；我们在awi-als-toolbox工具包（https://github.com/awi-als-toolbox/awi-als-toolbox）中提供了基于Python的解析工具，同时配套提供对应的元数据JSON文件与航线快速预览PNG文件。该点云数据包含以下变量：表面高程（以DTU平均海平面高度为基准）、表面反射率与回波宽度。北纬85度以北区域的精度退化GPS高度数据，可能会导致沿轨表面高程出现起伏波动，且本数据产品未针对该问题进行校正。