Origin, evolution and domestication of cultivated peanuts

Six representative gap-free genomes of peanuts were assembled. Complex transposable element activity, chromosomal rearrangement, and centromere expansion of subgenomes were characterized, contributing to the asymmetrical evolution since the origin of the tetraploid genome. Using these gap-free genomes, 521 peanut accessions collected worldwide were further resequenced and analyzed. This advancement aids in comprehensively understanding peanut origin and domestication, as well as exploring and enhancing breeding improvement.

本研究组装了6个具有代表性的花生无间隙基因组（gap-free genome）。研究表征了亚基因组复杂的转座因子（transposable element）活性、染色体重排与着丝粒扩张特征，这些因素共同推动了该四倍体基因组起源后的不对称进化。依托上述无间隙基因组，研究人员对全球采集的521份花生种质资源开展了重测序与分析工作。这一研究进展有助于全面阐明花生的起源与驯化机制，同时为花生的育种改良探索与实践提供关键支撑。