Effect of the red uniform on the judgment of position or movement used in Wushu Routine, evaluated by practitioners of the modality

Experiment 1 design was adopted a 2 (Color: red, blue) x 2 (Gender: male, female) ANOVA. 144 Participants were randomly assigned to four groups based on uniform color (red vs. blue) and practitioners' gender (male vs. female) in a 2 x 2 between-subject design according to the method of random number table. There were 36 male athletes and 36 female athletes in the red uniform group, and 36 male athletes and 36 female athletes in the blue uniform group. Experiment 2 used within-subjects design to conducted experiment separately for the blue and red groups. The female practitioners were randomly assigned to two groups according to the method of random number table and made ratings of the athletes once during the ovulation phase and once during the non-ovulation phase. The order in which the tasks were completed was balanced between subjects: Half of the females in the blue group were tested first during ovulation and then during non-ovulation; the other half were tested first during non-ovulation and then during ovulation. The red group did the same arrangement. They were instructed to look at each photograph for 5s and then rate the quality of the each athlete's movements. After scoring was completed, they were told to proceed to the questionnaire, which was designed to probe for awareness of the manipulation. Finally, look at the differences in the ratings of Wushu Routine athletes wearing different colored uniform by these different groups of participants, and whether the subjects in Experiment 1 would have been aware of color effect.
The results of Experiment 1 showed that both male and female athletes wearing red uniform (compared to blue uniform) received higher ratings, and the red effect was especially strong when male practitioners rated female athletes. The results of Experiment 2, in an all-female sample, showed that in most cases there was no difference in ratings made by women in the ovulation and non-ovulation phases of their menstrual cycle, with the exception of their ratings of male athletes wearing red; in this condition, women gave higher ratings when they were in the ovulation phase of their cycle.

实验1采用2（颜色：红色、蓝色）×2（性别：男性、女性）方差分析（ANOVA）设计。144名被试通过随机数表法，按照服装颜色（红色vs.蓝色）与评定者性别（男性vs.女性）这两个因素，被随机分配至2×2被试间设计的四组中。红色服装组包含36名男性运动员与36名女性运动员，蓝色服装组同样包含36名男性运动员与36名女性运动员。实验2采用被试内设计，分别针对红色服装组与蓝色服装组开展实验。女性评定者通过随机数表法被分为两组，分别在排卵期与非排卵期对运动员进行评分。任务完成顺序在被试间进行了平衡：蓝色服装组的女性被试中，半数先在排卵期接受测试，随后在非排卵期测试；另一半则先在非排卵期测试，再在排卵期测试。红色服装组采用相同的顺序安排。主试要求被试每张照片观看5秒，随后对每名运动员的动作质量进行评分。评分完成后，被试需填写后续问卷，该问卷用于探查被试对实验操纵的知晓情况。本研究最终旨在考察不同组别被试对身着不同颜色服装的武术套路（Wushu Routine）运动员的评分差异，以及实验1中的被试是否能够意识到颜色效应。实验1结果显示，身着红色服装的运动员（相较于蓝色服装）均获得了更高的评分，且当男性评定者对女性运动员进行评分时，红色效应尤为显著。实验2的全女性被试样本结果显示，在多数情况下，处于排卵期与非排卵期的女性评定者的评分并无差异，但针对身着红色服装的男性运动员的评分是例外：此时处于排卵期的女性评定者给出了更高的评分。